Studies on Functions of bioactive phospholipids

(1) PLD被PKCalpha和RhoA协同激活。克隆大鼠PLD2 cDNA，观察rPLD1a、1b和2 mRNA水平在增殖和分化过程中的变化（Nozawa）。(2)分离豚鼠血浆paf -乙酰水解酶cDNA，测定酶的一级结构（Nojima）。(3)发现CD14是内毒素（LPS）受体。通过LPS受体传递的信号需要PLD分解PC （Nishijima）。(4)克隆PLCdelta4 cDNA，并在再生大鼠肝细胞核中表达其mRNA。Ash/Grb2的下游分子是PIP2磷酸酶（Takenawa）。(5)克隆了DGKdelta和PAP2a、b。经鉴定，PAP2a为Wunen同源基因，PAP2b为Dri基因（Kanoh）。(6)荧光显微镜图像分析表明，PS和一些胞质因子是PS向高尔格体转移的必要条件。(7) paf -乙酰水解酶由3个亚基组成（α 1, α 2=催化亚基）。β亚基是Miller-Dieker综合征（Inoue） LIS-1基因的产物。(8)测定了氨基肽酶N的N端和内部氨基酸序列。在Sulfolobus （Ikezawa）中发现gpi锚定蛋白。(9)肠道磷脂酶B-cDNA的表达表明该酶是一种新型丝氨酸酯酶（Okamoto）。（10）鞘氨醇对DNA聚合酶具有结构特异性抑制作用。从大鼠腹水虹膜染色质部分纯化的PLA_2为17kDa PLA_2II，特异定位（Koizumi）。（11）证实存在2个paf受体基因剪接变体，白细胞受不同的启动子调控。用敲除小鼠（Shimizu）检测生理功能。

(1) PLD was synergistically activated by PKCalpha and RhoA.Rat PLD2 cDNA was cloned and mRNA levels of rPLD1a, 1b and 2 were observed to change during proliferation and differentiation (Nozawa). (2) cDNA of PAF-acetylhydrolase of guinea-pig blood plasma was isolated and the primary structure of the enzyme was determined (Nojima). (3) The CD14 was found to be the endotoxin (LPS) receptor. The signaling through LPS receptor requires PC breakdown by PLD (Nishijima). (4) The PLCdelta4 cDNA was cloned and its mRNA was expressed in the regenerating rat liver cell nuclei. A downstream molecules of Ash/Grb2 was PIP2 phosphatase (Takenawa). (5) DGKdelta and PAP2a, b were cloned. PAP2a was identified to be a Wunen homologue and PAP2b was Dri gene (Kanoh). (6) The image analysis with fluorescence microscope has shown that PS and some cytosolic factor(s) were required for the PS transfer to Golge bodies (Ohki). (7) PAF-acetylhydrolase was found to be composed of 3 subunits (alpha1, alpha2=catalytic subunits). beta subunit is the product of LIS-1 gene of Miller-Dieker syndrome (Inoue). (8) The amino acid sequences of the N-terminal and internal part of amino peptidase N were determined. GPI-anchored protein(s) was found in Sulfolobus (Ikezawa). (9) Expression of the intestinal phospholipase B-cDNA revealed that this enzyme was a novel serine esterase (Okamoto). (10) Sphingosine showed structural specific inhibition of DNA polymerase. PLA_2 purified from the chromatin fraction of rat ascitic hapatoma was 17kDa PLA_2II which was specifically localyzed (Koizumi). (11) It was demonstrated that 2 splicing variants of PAF-receptor genes were present and that leucocyte regulated by distinct promotors. Physiological functions were examined by using knock-out mice (Shimizu).