Development of Instructional Research Methodo based on Teaching-Learning Process of Subjects

本研究主要采用基于科学、家政、音乐与造型艺术、健康与体育学科学习过程的教学研究方法。在这些课堂中，有许多种类繁多的学习活动，仅仅研究问题和答案之间的相互作用是不够的，应该考虑到每个学科的性质和特点。因此，研究的方向是这样的；首先，我们需要重新考虑教学行动，它似乎与实践，锻炼和行为作为生产者很好地工作。然后，我们应该明确模式的特点和关系。我们还需要从教师和儿童两个角度来研究这些课堂中的交流互动，从而界定学习形成的构成、过程和学习系统。虽然每个科目具体化的侧重点不同，但我们试图找到几种方法。(1)在诸如科学、家政等更多以概念形成为目的的技术性练习和活动的课程中，不仅要通过对教师行为的观察报告，而且要通过对儿童学习行为的观察报告来明确“概念的形成”或“技术的获得”的学习过程。然后我们试图通过它的过程找出方法。(2)在被认为是技术习得教育的健康和体育科目中，通过观察“有极大热情”和“没有热情”的儿童，比较了“对儿童说话”的影响。(3)针对音乐与造型艺术这门需要技术学习和创造性表达的学科，用这些方法进行了研究；一是重新考虑学习形成的构成，然后进行考虑学习步骤和阶段过程的试听课程（音乐学科）。二是对每一个目标的完成所展开的创造过程建立一个基本系统，然后研究每个层次的学习形成和指导行为的适应性（形成艺术学科）。少

This research has been done mainly by the instructional research method based on learning processes of Science, Homemaking, Music & Formative Arts and Health & Phisical Subject. In these classes there are so many various and compoundable learning activities that only the research on interaction between questions and answers is not always enough for the assessment which should be considered nature and peculiarity of each subjects.Therefore, the research was directed as such ; First we need to reconsider the instructional action which seems to work well with practice, exercise and behavior as a producer. Then, we should make the pattern peculiarities and relations clear.We also need to research the interaction of communication in those classes through both the teacher and the child, and then define the constituent of learning formation, its process and learning system. Even though each subjects would have different focuses for concretization, we tried to find out several methods.(1) In c … More lasses such as Science and Homemaking subject which comprehend technical exercises and activities for the formation of a concept, the learning process of "the formation of a concept" or "the acquirement of technique" should be clear first by not only a report of observations on instructorial behavior but also observations on a child's learning behavior. Then we tried to find out the method by its process.(2) Concerning Health & Phisical Subject which are considered as education for technical acquirment, it was reported in research about the influence of "speaking to a child" by the observation on children "who have great zeal" and "who have no zeal" comparativery.(3) Concerning Music & Formative Arts Subject which need technical learning and creative expression, we researched the method by these ways ; One is to reconsider the constituent of learning formation and then to have trial classes which are considered the process of learning steps and stages (Music Subject).The other is to make a basic system on creative processes which are spread out by each accomplishment of one goal and then to research the fitness for each level of learning formation and instructorial behavior (Formative Arts Subject). Less