Study of the Ethno-diversity in the Kalahari and Its Ecotone

1. 通过分析桑人的生活史、定居后的生计转变，即农耕承包和牲畜信任，以及收集的有关b| Gui- b| b| Gana与邻近语言接触史的资料，阐明了桑人狩猎采集者与班图农牧民共生关系的互动与动态。2 .通过对桑族老年男性生活史的收集和分析，重构和阐释了桑族过去生活的细节，如狩猎活动、婚外恋、男性入会仪式、班图农牧民的巫术思想等。对昆虫作为食物和物质文化的利用进行了调查，指出了昆虫特别是作为食物在三种饮食生活中的质的重要性。进一步阐明了对动物形象和行为的细微认知如何与这种符号解释密切相关，更确切地说，是预见、习惯和形态的神话起源。对b|桂和||加纳语的语音语法结构和词汇进行了阐述，并提出了|桂和||加纳语在语言上适当的正字法，使我们能够准确地记录白话名称。通过对近30年的人口统计资料的分析，阐明了桑族人的人口动态。通过对桑人与喀拉加底人仪式体系的比较分析，可以看出桑人的仪式受到喀拉加底人的影响时，几乎没有巫术和巫术的因素。从“现代化”问题，如狩猎采集的减少、平等主义的恶化、学校教育的引入等方面阐述了三族儿童的语言、运动发展和社会化问题。在围绕喀拉哈里沙漠的过渡带，人们不仅强调了Caesalpiniaceae家族的木树作为物质文化的重要性，而且还强调了它在宗教仪式中的象征作用。此外，澄清了族裔群体之间争夺土地权的冲突可能经常与族裔认同问题有关，甚至深刻地影响到州一级的政治问题，例如普选。博茨瓦纳政府发起的桑人迁徙的历史事件发生在1997年。对这一迁移所带来的问题进行了分析和阐明，并部分完成，留下了一些问题作为未来的问题。少

1. By analyzing the life history of the San, the transition of livelihood after the settlement, i.e, the contract work of cultivation and the trust of livestock, and the collection of materials related to the history of contacts among | Gui- || Gana and neighboring languages, interactions and dynamics of symbiosis between San hunter-gatherers and Bantu agro-pastoralists were elucidated.2. By collecting and analyzing the life history of the San elder men, the details of past life, such as hunting activity, extra-marital sexual relationship, male initiation ritual, ideology concerning witchcraft and sorcery imported from Bantu agro-pastoralists, were reconstructed and elucidated.3. Utilization of insects as food and material culture was investigated, and the qualitative importance of insects especially as food in San dietary life was pointed out. Furthermore, it was clarified how the minute cognition of animal figure and behavior closely correlated with such symbolic interpretation of na … More ture as foresight, mythical origin of habit and morphology.4. Previous reports on phonological and grammatical structures and lexicon in | Gui and || Gana were elaborated, and a linguistically adequate orthography of | Gui and || Gana which enable us to record vernacular names accurately was proposed.5. By analyzing demographic data of past 30 years, population dynamics of the San were elucidated.6. By comparative analysis of ritual systems of the San and the Kgalagadi, it was clarified that the factors concerning witchcraft and sorcery were hardly accompanied when San ritual ceremonies were influenced by the Kgalagadi.7. Language and motor development and socialization of San children were elucidated in relation to the "modernization" problems, such as the decline of hunting-gathering, deterioration of egalitarianism and introduction of school education etc.8. In the ecotone surrounding the Kalahari Desert, the importance of the mopane tree of family Caesalpiniaceae was stressed not only as material culture, but also as one playing a symbolic role in religious rituals. Furthermore, it was clarified that the conflicts among ethnic groups for land right might often occur in relation to the problem of ethnic identity and even affect profoundly a political issue in state level such as general election.9. The historical event of San migration initiated by the Botswana government occurred in 1997. Analysis and elucidation of the problems accompanied by this migration were striven and completed partly, leaving a number of subjects as future problem. Less