Study on the Domestic Implementation of Human Rights Treaties

只有在每个缔约国充分履行条约义务的情况下，才能实现人权条约的目标。因此，对有关条约在国内的执行情况进行研究，对于评估条约对人权的国际保护的有效性至关重要。在这项研究中，我们每个人都审查了条约在特定国家的国内执行情况。我们研究的国家是美国、法国、德国、荷兰、英国、新西兰、加拿大、澳大利亚和日本，通过这项研究，我们可以获得新的重要知识，有助于日本国际人权法研究的发展。下面是一些例子。(1)在整个研究过程中，我们审查了每个国家援引国际人权条约的许多司法案例，特别是德国、英国、新西兰和加拿大的案例。(2)我们可以获得有关美国和法国难民政策的最新信息。(3)了解欧洲人权法院的裁决对荷兰引渡案件的影响。(4)在采用关于国内执行条约的转变模式的国家的司法案件中，有一些有趣的案件实际上“直接适用”人权条约(在新西兰和澳大利亚)。这些案例在日本并不广为人知。(5)在对日本的研究中，我们考察了援引人权条约和文书的最新司法案例。

The aims of the human rights treaty can be achieved only by a full realization of the treaty obligations in each State Party. Therefore, a study on the domestic implementation of the treaty concerned is essential for the assessment of effectiveness of international protection of human rights by the treaty. In this study, each of us examines the domestic implementation of treaties in the particular States. The Statea which we take up for this study are the United States of America, France, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada, Australia and Japan.In this study, we can gain new and important knowledge which contributes to the development of a study on International Human Rights Law in Japan. Examples are as follows. (1) Throughout this study, we examine many judicial cases which invoke international human rights treaties in each State, especially those in Germany, United Kingdam, New Zealand and Canada. (2) We can gain the latest information concerning refugee policies in the United States of America and France. (3) We can know the impact of the judgment of European Court of Human Rights on extradition cases in Netherlands. (4) Among the judicial cases in States which adopt a transformation model concerning domestic implementation of treaties, there are some interesting cases which in effect "directly apply" the human rights treaties (in New Zealand and Australia). These cases are insufficiently known in Japan. (5) In the study on Japan, we examine the latest judicial case which invoke human rights treaties and instruments.