Regional Income disparity and Its Changes Reasurs in Economic Development

本文对中国与日本收入分配的现状、背景和意义进行了比较研究，通过研究我们发现以下几个因素。关于中国，我们的研究表明，自中国经济改革以来，包括全国、城乡和自治区之间的收入分配状况都有所恶化。造成这一差距的主要原因是：(1)1985年以来的城市改革和沿海地区发展的优先政策；(2)城乡劳动生产率的相对差异；(3)农村产业在地区间的不平衡发展。这种差异激化了农民的不满，刺激了民族主义的控制，使一些地区在经济上和政治上都有独立于中央政府的倾向。这些因素反过来又对中国未来的经济发展和社会政治不稳定产生很大影响。在日本，我们的研究表明，收入差距，特别是城乡收入差距与…其规模之大，不仅造成了农民的损失、社会的不稳定，还直接或间接地催生了战前日本的军国主义。我们还发现，农村产业的发展，对吸纳农村剩余劳动力，增加农民收入，进而缩小收入差距做出了很大贡献。1)战后日本土地改革、家庭财团分立、经济民主、制度改革和政府政策对收入均等化起到了非常重要的作用。日本的经验对中国近期改善收入分配有一定的启示。(2)战后日本农村工业的发展、剩余劳动力的吸纳对农民收入的增加和收入差距的缩小起到了很大的促进作用。因此，我们认为，要缩小中国的收入差距，需要发展农村产业，实现劳动力的自由转移和快速城镇化。(3)当前中国的收入分配状况恶化，社会政治相对不稳定，与战前日本的情况相似。根据日本的经验，我们建议中国采取适当的政策来缩小差距，以保持社会和政治的稳定，从而促进日本未来经济的持续增长。较少

This is a comparive study on the current development, the background and significance of income distribution between China and Japan.We have found the following factors throught our research. On China, our study shows that income distributions, including nationwide, urban-rural and inter-reginions, have worsened since the start of China's economic reform. The main reasons caused the disparity are, 1) the priority policies for urbanreform and coastal area development since 1985 ; 2) the relative differentials of urban-rural labor productivity ; 3) the unballanced growth of rural industries among regions. The disparityenerated unsatisfaction of farmers, stimulated nationalist controdiction, and made some regions intend to independant from central government both economicly and politicly. These factors, in return, have big effects on China's future economic development and social and political instability. On Japan, our study shows that income disparity, especially urban-rural income disp … More arity had been so large that it caused the farmers' diputes, social instability and also, directly or indirectly, generated Japanese militorism in the period of pre-war Japan. We also found that the development of rural industry, contributed greatly to absorbt rural surplus labor, increase farmers' income and then, reduced income disparity in Japan.We got the following conclusions from the above studies. 1) the land reform, the dismision of family financial group, economic demogracy, institutional reforms and government policies, plaied very important role in income equlization in the period of post-war Japan. Japan's experience is inlightment to China on improving income distribution in recnetly. 2) the development of rural industry, the absorbtion of surplus labor contributed greally to the increase of farmer's income and reduceing income disparity in the post-war Japan. Therefore, we think that the development of rural industry, the free labor migration and rapid urbanization are needed to reduce the income disparity in China. 3) The worsening of income editributionin and the relative socialand political instability in current China is similar to the situation in pre-war Japan. According to the experience of Japan, we suggest China take some imediat policies to reduce the disparity so as to maintain social and political stability, and then to promote its sustained economic growth in the future. Less