The role of the autonomic nervous system and its evaluating methods in the vertebrate

本研究旨在通过对大鼠、田鼠、豚鼠、绵羊、小型猪、马、鸭等动物的心率、血压变异性、消化功能和形态特征的研究，探讨自主神经功能的评价方法。所有哺乳动物的心率都表现出明显的昼夜节律，心率变异性的功率谱有两个主峰，由高频(HF)和低频(LF)组成。HF和LW分别反映副交感神经音调和交感和副交感神经音调。许多夜间动物静息或光照时，高频功率增大，低频/高频比值降低。然而，在整个实验期间，纯种马的低频/高频没有变化，其中副交感神经的自主神经张力在很大程度上占优势。极大增强的交感神经…在射精过程中，雄性大鼠可以识别出更多的神经张力，当雄性大鼠与雌性雌性大鼠在一起时，心率会立即加快，但当它们与非雌性大鼠一起时，心率就不会增加。射精后2分钟内，心率迅速恢复。这些发现表明，交感神经系统在这种性行为的表现中起着重要作用。在包括豚鼠、大鼠和田鼠在内的许多哺乳动物中，胰腺的淀粉酶分泌受到副交感神经张力的调节。这种分泌可被豚鼠和田鼠消化器官发酵产生的丙酸加速，而对大鼠则不受影响。这些研究表明，通过自主神经系统调节消化功能的机制存在物种差异，而自主神经系统与它们的摄食量密切相关。对鸭心脏神经支配的形态学研究表明，鸭的心脏神经支配主要是交感神经支配，而对田鼠的胃神经支配的研究也阐明了中枢神经起源的特点。综上所述，哺乳动物和鸟类的自主神经系统在功能和结构上存在着很大的差异，这些功能和结构与它们的生活方式密切相关，即摄食量、夜间或日间活动、繁殖行为和其他环境，因此通过合理的能量生产和消耗来适应环境变化是一种有益的策略。较少

The purpose of this research project is to eatablish the evaluation methods of the autonomic nervous function through investigating the properties of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities, digestive functions and morphological characteristics in various animal species including rats, voles, guinea pigs, sheeps, miniature pigs, horses and ducks. The heart rate in all mammals showed a clear diurnal rhythm and the power spectrum of heart rate variability revealed two major peaks which were consisted of high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) components. The HF and LW reflected the parasympathetic and both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous tones, respectively. The HF power increased and LF/HF decreased at rest or light period in many nocturnal animals. However, the LF/HF remained unchanged throughout the experimental period in Thoroughbred horses of which autonomic nervous tone was to a great extent dominant in the parasympathetic. The tremendously augmented sympathetic … More nervous tone was recognized during ejaculation in male rats of which heart rates immediately elevated when the males were together with esterous female rats but not when they were with non-esterous femals. The increased heart rate rapidly recovered, within 2 min, after the ejaculation. These findings suggest the important role of sympathetic nervous system on the performance of such sexual behavior. The amylase secretion from the pancreas is regulated by the parasympathetic tone in many mammals including guinea pigs, rats and voles. Such secretion was accerelated by propionic acid which was produced by fermentation in the digestive organs of guinea pigs and voles, but not affected in rats. These studies suggest the presence of species difference in regulation mechanisms of digestive function via the autonomic nervous system, which are closely related to their food intakes. The morphological studies on the innervation of the heart in ducks demonstrated the major sympathetic innervation, and the studies on the innervation of stomach in voles also clarified the characteristics of the central origin.In conclusion, the autonomic nervous systems in mammals and birds have much variation in terms of functions and structures that are closely related to their life styles, i. e., food intake, nocturnal or diurnal acitivity, reproductive behaviors and other environments, and therefore have a beneficial strategy for adaptation to enviromerntal alterations by means of their reasonable energy product and consumption. Less