Protein phosphorylation by cellular networks including plant MAP-kinase cascades

Mchida：在烟草中发现的蛋白激酶NPK1在氨基酸序列上与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKKK)家族的成员同源，NPK1的cDNA可以补充MAPKKK的酵母同源物之一的BCK1基因的突变。对该基因的结构和免疫学分析表明，该基因编码一种新的动蛋白样蛋白，因为该蛋白在氨基末端有一个与动蛋白超家族运动区高度同源的氨基酸序列。预测的蛋白被命名为NPK1激活动蛋白样蛋白(NACK)。当NPK1和NACK在YEase细胞中过表达时，通过NPK1的羧基末端区域与NACK的茎区中部的相互作用，NPK1的活性增加了约10倍。NACK被认为是…更多的模拟只在细胞周期的M期，并且NPK1从S期到M期末检测到。这些结果表明，NPK1可以在M期被激活，并在该阶段的一个过程中发挥作用。Shinozaki：克隆了9个MAP激酶同源物的cDNA，3个MAPKK同源物的cDNA，4个MAPKKK同源物的cDNA，2个S6蛋白激酶同源物的cDNA。一些蛋白激酶(ATMPK3、ATMEKK、ATPK19)的基因在干旱、低温和盐胁迫下表达，表明它们构成了一个单一的信号级联。Oka：用具有PP1(蛋白磷酸酶1)同源物的转基因拟南芥植物进行的实验结果表明，该同源物对乙烯有积极的反应。Nakamura：经蔗糖处理后，烟叶中一个54 kDa的蛋白激酶被激活，它被证明是CDPK家族的成员。Izui：玉米的PEP羧化酶被CDK的一个成员磷酸化，并克隆了可能参与这种磷酸化的候选蛋白激酶的互补DNA。较少

Machida : Protein kinase NPK1 that was identified in tobacco is homolohous in terms of an amino acid sequence to members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family, and NPK1 cDNA can complement a mutation of BCK1 gene, one of the yeast homologue of MAPKKK.In the present study, a cDNA for an activator of NPK1 was isolated by using an activatioin cloning system with yeast cells. Structural and immunological analyzes with the cDNA showed that it codes for a new member of a kinesin-like protein because the predicted protein has an amino acid sequence at the amino terminus that is highly homologous to that of the motor domain of the kinesin super family. The predicted protein was designated NPK1-activating kinesisn-like protein (NACK). When both NPK1 and NACK cDNAs were overexpressed in yease cells, activity of NPK1 increased by approximately 10-fold by the interaction of the carboxy-terminal region of NPK1 with the middle of the stalk region of NACK.NACK was accu … More mulated only at the M phase of the cell cycle, and NPK1 was detected from the S phase to the end of M phase. These results suggest that NPK1 can be activated at the M phase and function in a process of that phase. Shinozaki : cDNAs for nine homologues of MAP kinases, cDNAs for three homologues of MAPKK,cDNAs for four homologues of MAPKKK,cDNAs for two homologues of S6 protein kinase were cloned. Genes for some of the protein kinases (ATMPK3, ATMEKK,ATPK19) were shown to be expressed in response to drought, cold temperature and salt stress, suggesting that they constitute a single signal cascade. Oka : The results of experiments with transgenic Arabidopsis plants that have its homologue of PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) suggest that the homologue functions in positive response to ethylene. Nakamura : A 54-kDa protein kinase in tobacco leaves was activated by the treatment with sucrose, and it was shown to be a member of the CDPK family. Izui : PEP carboxylase of maize was shown to be phosphorylated by a member of CDPK.Complementary DNAs for candidate protein kiases that may be involved in such phosphorylation were cloned. Less