CREATION OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDE BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND CONSTRUCTION OF RECYCLE SYSTEM

食品工业产生的大量有机废物是在没有开发出适当的处理方法的情况下产生的。另一方面，化学农药的过度使用甚至在农业领域也造成了环境问题。为了同时解决这两个问题，本研究进行了如下研究：(1)以豆腐渣、欧卡拉为发酵底物，对新分离的枯草芽孢杆菌NB22、枯草芽孢杆菌RB14和枯草芽孢杆菌Yb8进行了固态发酵培养。在15g~3 kg的规模化生产条件下，探讨了细菌产生抗生素的最佳条件，发现温度控制和通气量是细菌产生抗生素的关键因素。(2)对牛至发酵产物进行土壤处理，并通过盆栽试验证实了产物对植物的生长效应。(3)将细菌的培养液、细胞悬浮液和无细胞发酵液应用于侵染番茄立枯病的土壤中，证明了细菌对植物病害的抑制作用。测定了菌体和抗生素在土壤中的浓度，证实了抗生素对该病的控制作用。(4)克隆了参与抗生素产生的基因，命名为lpa。植物试验也证实了该基因的抑病作用。(5)对神奈川县有机废弃物利用简单化学工艺构建循环利用系统进行了基本系统分析。

A massive organic wastes from food industry are produced under the situation that proper treatment methods have not been developed. On the other hand, excessive use of chemical pesticides caused environmental problems even in agricultural area. To solve the two problems simulatmenously, the research was conducted and the followings are the summary of the results.(1) Newly isolated bacteria, Bacillus subtilis NB22, RB14 and YB8, were cultivated in solid state fermentation, using soybean curd residur, Okara as a substrate to produce microbial pesticede. In scale-up from 15g to 3kg, optimal condition was investigated and temperature control and aeration were found to be crucial factors for the production of the antibiotics by the bacteria.(2) The oraka fermented product was treated to soil and the growth effect of the product on the plant was confirmed in a pot test.(3) The culture broth, cell suspension and cell-free broth of the bacteria were applied to soil infested with plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani of damping-off of tomato and the suppressive effect of the bacteria to the plant disease was proved. The concentrations of the cells, antibiotics in soil were determined and the role of the antibiotics to control the desease was confirmed.(4) The genes which are responsible for the production of the antibiotics were cloned, designated as lpa. The role of the genes for the suppression of the disease was also confirmed in plant test.(5) Basic systems analysis for construction of recycle system of the organic wastes produced in Kanagawa Prefecture was conducted by using simple chemical process was carried out.