BIOTECHNOLOGY OF TREATMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC)

本论文对挥发性有机物（VOC）降解菌进行了大量的筛选，成功地分离到了几株细菌和真菌。由于有关真菌的报道很少，因此对真菌的特性进行了具体分析。在微生物分析的同时，对有效微生物的载体进行了试验，并选择了合适的载体。以下是结果摘要。(1)经鉴定，它们是外瓶霉属和白地霉。(2)外瓶霉对含硫有机气体有较强的降解能力，特别是在较低的pH值范围内（如2）。稳定期酶活性高于对数生长期。(3)从外瓶霉（Exophialasp.）细胞中分离纯化了降解二甲基硫醚的酶。粗酶液的最适pH值为7，与 关于我们 细胞。由于Crede酶溶液不稳定，各酶的纯化均不成功。酶的活性中心含有巯基。(4)白地霉（Geotrichum candium）通过在细胞外产生氧化酶来降解几乎所有的VOC。(5)作为微生物的载体，几种材料如泥炭，活性炭，活性炭纤维等进行了试验。泥炭是合适的，因为这种材料含有一定量的营养物质。而活性炭纤维或活性炭对含硫有机物具有催化氧化活性。因此，活性炭纤维可作为化学法和生物法联合处理的有效手段。对活性炭纤维对含硫气体的催化机理进行了深入的研究。(6)在各种商业产品中就细胞附着能力尝试活性炭的选择。将粉末状活性炭吸附在塑料纤维上，用一株新分离的细菌进行去除三甲胺的实验。少

Screening of microorganisms which have high ability for degradation and deodorization of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was tried intensively and several bacteria and fungi were successfully isolated. Specific analysis for characteristics of fungi was carried out because very few reports have been published on the fungi. In paralle to the microbial analysis, carriers for the effective microorganisms were tested and appropriate one was selected. The following is the summary of the results.(1) As the result of identification of isolated fungi, they are EXophiala sp. and Geotrichum candidum.(2) Fungus Exophiala sp. showed a high ability for derading sulfur-containing organic gases especially at lower pH range like 2. The activity was higher in a stationary phase than in logarithmic growth phase.(3) Some enzymes responsible for degradation of dimethyl sulfide were purified from the cells of Exophiala sp.. Crude enzyme solution showed the optimal pH 7 in a sharp contrast to the result of … More the cells. The crede enzyme solution was so unstable that purification of the each enzyme was unsuccessful. The enzymes were found to have SH group at active site.(4) Fungi Geotrichum candium degraded almost all VOC by producing oxidative enzymes extracellularly.(5) As carriers for microorganisms, several materials were testes like peat, activated carbon, activated carbon fibers etc. The peat was appropriate in the point that this material contains certain amount of nutrients. However, activated carbon fiber or activated carbon showed oxidation activity for sulfur-containing organic compounds catalytically. Therefore, activated carbon fiber was usefull for combined treatment of the chemical and biological methods. The catalytic mechanism of the activated carbon fiber was fully investigated for sulfur-containing gaese.(6) The selection of activated carbon was tried among various commercial products with respect to the capacity of cell attachment. The powdered activated carobn was attached on the plastic fiber and the removal of trimethyl amine was conducted by a newly isolated bacteria. Less