BIOTECHNOLOGY OF TREATMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC)

对挥发性有机化合物(VOC)高效降解和脱臭微生物的筛选进行了深入的研究，成功地分离出了几株细菌和真菌。对真菌的特性进行了专门的分析，因为关于真菌的报道很少。在微生物分析的同时，对有效微生物的载体进行了测试，并选择了合适的载体。主要研究结果如下：(1)经鉴定，分离到的真菌为外生拟青霉。和白地霉。(2)真菌Exophiala sp.表现出较强的脱除含硫有机气体的能力，特别是在较低的pH范围(如2)时，其活性在稳定期高于对数生长期。(3)从外藻细胞中纯化了一些降解二甲基硫的酶。粗酶液的最适pH为7，与…的结果形成鲜明对比更多的细胞。Crede酶溶液很不稳定，各酶的纯化都不成功。(4)白地霉通过胞外产生氧化酶来降解几乎所有的VOC。(5)作为微生物的载体，试验了泥炭、活性碳、活性碳纤维等几种材料，泥炭中含有一定量的营养物质是合适的。然而，活性碳纤维或活性碳对含硫有机物具有催化氧化活性。因此，活性碳纤维在化学法和生物法的联合处理中具有广阔的应用前景。对活性碳纤维对含硫GaSE的催化机理进行了充分的研究。(6)从细胞附着能力的角度对各种商品进行了筛选。将粉状活性碳附着在塑料纤维上，由一株新分离的细菌进行三甲胺的去除。较少

Screening of microorganisms which have high ability for degradation and deodorization of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was tried intensively and several bacteria and fungi were successfully isolated. Specific analysis for characteristics of fungi was carried out because very few reports have been published on the fungi. In paralle to the microbial analysis, carriers for the effective microorganisms were tested and appropriate one was selected. The following is the summary of the results.(1) As the result of identification of isolated fungi, they are EXophiala sp. and Geotrichum candidum.(2) Fungus Exophiala sp. showed a high ability for derading sulfur-containing organic gases especially at lower pH range like 2. The activity was higher in a stationary phase than in logarithmic growth phase.(3) Some enzymes responsible for degradation of dimethyl sulfide were purified from the cells of Exophiala sp.. Crude enzyme solution showed the optimal pH 7 in a sharp contrast to the result of … More the cells. The crede enzyme solution was so unstable that purification of the each enzyme was unsuccessful. The enzymes were found to have SH group at active site.(4) Fungi Geotrichum candium degraded almost all VOC by producing oxidative enzymes extracellularly.(5) As carriers for microorganisms, several materials were testes like peat, activated carbon, activated carbon fibers etc. The peat was appropriate in the point that this material contains certain amount of nutrients. However, activated carbon fiber or activated carbon showed oxidation activity for sulfur-containing organic compounds catalytically. Therefore, activated carbon fiber was usefull for combined treatment of the chemical and biological methods. The catalytic mechanism of the activated carbon fiber was fully investigated for sulfur-containing gaese.(6) The selection of activated carbon was tried among various commercial products with respect to the capacity of cell attachment. The powdered activated carobn was attached on the plastic fiber and the removal of trimethyl amine was conducted by a newly isolated bacteria. Less