BIOTECHNOLOGY OF TREATMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC)

通过对挥发性有机化合物（VOC）降解和除臭能力较强的微生物的筛选，成功分离出几种细菌和真菌。由于有关真菌的报道很少，因此对真菌的特征进行了具体分析。在微生物分析的同时，对有效微生物的载体进行了测试，并选择了合适的载体。以下是对结果的总结。(1)分离真菌鉴定为EXophiala sp.和Geotrichum candidum。(2)真菌对含硫有机气体具有较强的降解能力，特别是在较低的pH范围（如2）。活性在稳定期高于对数生长期。(3)从外生菌（Exophiala sp.）细胞中纯化了一些降解二甲基硫的酶。粗酶溶液的最佳pH值为7，与粗酶溶液的最佳pH值形成鲜明对比。crede酶溶液非常不稳定，每种酶的纯化都不成功。酶的活性位点含有SH基团。(4)真菌通过在细胞外产生氧化酶降解几乎所有VOC。(5)作为微生物载体的材料有泥炭、活性炭、活性炭纤维等。泥炭是合适的，因为它含有一定量的营养物质。而活性炭纤维或活性炭对含硫有机化合物表现出催化氧化活性。因此，活性炭纤维可用于化学法和生物法的联合处理。研究了活性炭纤维对含硫气体的催化机理。(6)在不同的商业产品中对活性炭的选择进行了细胞附着能力的试验。将粉末状活性炭附着在塑料纤维上，利用新分离的细菌去除三甲胺。少

Screening of microorganisms which have high ability for degradation and deodorization of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was tried intensively and several bacteria and fungi were successfully isolated. Specific analysis for characteristics of fungi was carried out because very few reports have been published on the fungi. In paralle to the microbial analysis, carriers for the effective microorganisms were tested and appropriate one was selected. The following is the summary of the results.(1) As the result of identification of isolated fungi, they are EXophiala sp. and Geotrichum candidum.(2) Fungus Exophiala sp. showed a high ability for derading sulfur-containing organic gases especially at lower pH range like 2. The activity was higher in a stationary phase than in logarithmic growth phase.(3) Some enzymes responsible for degradation of dimethyl sulfide were purified from the cells of Exophiala sp.. Crude enzyme solution showed the optimal pH 7 in a sharp contrast to the result of … More the cells. The crede enzyme solution was so unstable that purification of the each enzyme was unsuccessful. The enzymes were found to have SH group at active site.(4) Fungi Geotrichum candium degraded almost all VOC by producing oxidative enzymes extracellularly.(5) As carriers for microorganisms, several materials were testes like peat, activated carbon, activated carbon fibers etc. The peat was appropriate in the point that this material contains certain amount of nutrients. However, activated carbon fiber or activated carbon showed oxidation activity for sulfur-containing organic compounds catalytically. Therefore, activated carbon fiber was usefull for combined treatment of the chemical and biological methods. The catalytic mechanism of the activated carbon fiber was fully investigated for sulfur-containing gaese.(6) The selection of activated carbon was tried among various commercial products with respect to the capacity of cell attachment. The powdered activated carobn was attached on the plastic fiber and the removal of trimethyl amine was conducted by a newly isolated bacteria. Less