BIOTECHNOLOGY OF TREATMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC)

深入尝试筛选对挥发性有机物（VOC）具有高效降解和脱臭能力的微生物，成功分离出多种细菌和真菌。由于有关真菌的报道很少，因此对真菌的特性进行了具体分析。与微生物分析同时，测试有效微生物的载体并选择合适的载体。结果总结如下：(1)经分离真菌鉴定，其为EXophiala sp。 (2)真菌Exophiala sp。 (3)从Exophiala sp.的细胞中纯化了一些负责二甲硫醚降解的酶。粗酶溶液显示出最适pH值为7，这与细胞的结果形成鲜明对比。 crede 酶溶液非常不稳定，以至于每种酶的纯化都失败。 (4)真菌地霉通过在胞外产生氧化酶来降解几乎所有的VOC。(5)作为微生物载体的材料有泥炭、活性炭、活性炭纤维等。泥炭是合适的，因为这种材料含有一定的营养成分。然而，活性碳纤维或活性炭对含硫有机化合物表现出催化氧化活性。因此，活性炭纤维可用于化学和生物方法的联合处理。充分研究了活性炭纤维对含硫气体的催化机理。(6)根据细胞附着能力在多种商业产品中尝试选择活性炭。将粉状活性炭附着在塑料纤维上，并通过新分离的细菌去除三甲胺。较少的

Screening of microorganisms which have high ability for degradation and deodorization of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was tried intensively and several bacteria and fungi were successfully isolated. Specific analysis for characteristics of fungi was carried out because very few reports have been published on the fungi. In paralle to the microbial analysis, carriers for the effective microorganisms were tested and appropriate one was selected. The following is the summary of the results.(1) As the result of identification of isolated fungi, they are EXophiala sp. and Geotrichum candidum.(2) Fungus Exophiala sp. showed a high ability for derading sulfur-containing organic gases especially at lower pH range like 2. The activity was higher in a stationary phase than in logarithmic growth phase.(3) Some enzymes responsible for degradation of dimethyl sulfide were purified from the cells of Exophiala sp.. Crude enzyme solution showed the optimal pH 7 in a sharp contrast to the result of … More the cells. The crede enzyme solution was so unstable that purification of the each enzyme was unsuccessful. The enzymes were found to have SH group at active site.(4) Fungi Geotrichum candium degraded almost all VOC by producing oxidative enzymes extracellularly.(5) As carriers for microorganisms, several materials were testes like peat, activated carbon, activated carbon fibers etc. The peat was appropriate in the point that this material contains certain amount of nutrients. However, activated carbon fiber or activated carbon showed oxidation activity for sulfur-containing organic compounds catalytically. Therefore, activated carbon fiber was usefull for combined treatment of the chemical and biological methods. The catalytic mechanism of the activated carbon fiber was fully investigated for sulfur-containing gaese.(6) The selection of activated carbon was tried among various commercial products with respect to the capacity of cell attachment. The powdered activated carobn was attached on the plastic fiber and the removal of trimethyl amine was conducted by a newly isolated bacteria. Less