Experimental study of the development of desire for control in preschool chidren.

本研究旨在探讨学龄前儿童控制欲的发展。5岁班（“Nenchu”）和6岁班（“Naencho”）的儿童接受两个任务；一个是报价任务，另一个是抽奖任务。前者是技能任务，后者是机会任务。孩子们被要求在执行每项任务之前估计他们能得到的分数。在完成任务并被告知完成分数后，被试再次被要求估计几个月后进行的下一个实验的分数。主要结果如下：1。一项对儿童预测行为的分析表明，无论年龄或性别，儿童都倾向于高估自己在未来任务中的表现。在技能任务中，无论年龄大小，男孩的成就动机得分均高于女孩。在quot任务中，男女在执行任务时都没有观察到微笑。在抽奖任务中，男孩的微笑出现率高于女孩。这些结果表明，在学前发育阶段，成就动机和竞争动机可能存在性别差异。

The study was investigated to clarify the development of desire for control in preschool children. Children of 5-year-old class ("Nenchu") and 6-year-old class ("Naencho") were subjected in two tasks ; one is quoits task, and the other is lottery task. The formere is skill task, and the latter is chance task. Children were requested to estimate the score which they could obtain before executing each task. And after executing the task and being informed the accomplished score, subjects were asked for again to estimate the score of next experiment which would be carried out a few months later.Main results were as follows :1. An analysis of children's forecasting behavior revealed that children tended to overestimate their own performance in future tasks regardless of age or sex.2. In quoits task as skill task, boys showed higher score of achievement motivation than girls regardless of age.3. In quoits task, smiling was not observed in executing task in both sexes. In lottery task, boys showed higher occurrence of smiling than girls.These results suggest that there may exist sex differences in motivation to achieve or to compete in preschool developmental stage.