Level of Motorway Toll : Theory and Practice

本文研究了城市快速路的最优收费水平。为了解决这个问题，我们回顾了几种定价理论，包括公用事业的定价理论。包括边际电价、拉姆齐电价、拥挤电价、二次电价和高峰电价。同时，我们还对项目的管理体制进行了研究，如BOT（建设、运营、转让）。现行制度规定道路使用者须在一段期间内（30至50年）缴付建造费用、维修费用及营运费用。如果我们不受这个限制，我们可以提出各种各样的定价系统。本文研究了三种定价模式：（1）基于成本的定价模式，（2）基于用户利益的定价模式，（3）基于交通需求管理的定价模式，结果表明：基于用户利益的定价模式是基本的，基于交通需求管理的定价模式是次要的。拥挤定价是一种TDM定价。现在，我们正在测试各种TDM定价技术，以坂神高速公路网络。结果将在不久的将来公布。

This study investigated optimal level of toll of urban expressways. In order to address this theme, we reviewed several theory of pricing including the pricing theory for public utilities. Marginal pricing, Ramsey pricing, congestion pricing, second-part tariff and peak-load pricing are included. At the same time we emcompassed the management system, say BOT (build, operate and transfer). Present system requires that the construction cost, maintenance cost and operating cost should be paid by road users in a certain period (30 to 50 years). If we are free from this constraint, we could propose a variety of pricing systems. Here we consider three alternative pricing systems, (1) cost-based pricing, (2) user benefit-based pricing, and (3) traffic demand management (TDM)-oriented pricing.Our result is that the user benefit-based pricing is elementary and TDM-based pricing is secondary. Congestion pricing is a TDM pricing. Now we are testing a variety of TDM pricing techniques to Hanshin Expressways Network. Results will be published in a near future.