CREATION,GROWTH AND INTERLEARNING OF JAPANESE NEW VENTURES

因为新企业为市场或社会提供了新的产品和服务，企业家和其他人都认为所有的创业行为每次开始时都是新发明的。因此，企业家要么通过试错的方式获得必要的知识和技能，要么通过与已有知识的人互动来获得这些知识和技能。这两者都会给企业家提供不完整和零碎的知识或诀窍。这些类型的互学可能会使个体企业家处于不利地位，并且在社会上产生重用已经存在的知识的困难。为了解决这个问题，首先我们必须了解调查企业家行为是怎么回事。在这个时候，我计划向那些被认为可以为创业者提供专业知识的组织发送调查问卷。我之所以选择商会，是因为他们与更多的当地中小企业保持着密切的日常联系，并且与他们有很多相互学习的经验。研究结果表明，他们的创业前培训课程存在三个难点；首先，它们很难招到培训生；其次，传授创业诀窍的讲师较少；第三，它们几乎没有很好的措施来衡量有多少培训生能够掌握诀窍。从互学理论的角度来看，最重要的是找到有知识的人并教授他们。如果将这些人分配给讲师，那么具有强烈创业动机的前企业家将聚集在一起学习诀窍。越多的人了解它，就会有越多的公司成立。此外，讲师将能够丰富他们观察和分析这些现象的专业知识。越来越多的人将聚集在一起获得好运。一个好的圆就会出现。从这个意义上说，如何为创业企业寻找和培养合适的讲师，是激活创业活动必不可少的关键因素。少

Because new businesses offer new products and services to markets or society, both entrepreneurs and other people think all entrepreneurial behaviors to be newly invented each time they are started. As a result, entrepreneurs either manage to get necessary knowledge and know-how to start new ventures in a trial-and-error way, or acquire them through interaction with those who have already had them. Both of them will give entrepreneurs incomplete and fragmentary knowledge or know-how.These types of interlearning may bring individual entrepreneurs to disadvantage as well as in society give birth to dificulties of re-using knowledge which have already existed somewhere. In order to solve this problem, first of all we have to know investigate what is going on about entrepreneurial behavior. At this time I planed to send questionnaires to the organizations which are thought to offer know-how to pre-entrepreneurs. I chose Chambers of Commerce because they keep in close and daily touch with l … More ocal small and medium-sized firms and have had a lot of experiences of interlearning with them.The result of this research tells that their traing courses for pre-entrepreneurs have three difficulties ; first, they are hard to get trainees, secondly, there are less lecturers to teach know-how to start new businesses, and thirdly they scarcely have good measures of how much trainees can master know-how. From the standpoint of theory of interlearning, it is most important to find out those who have know-how and teach it. If those people are to be assigned to lecturers, pre-entrepreneurs with strong motivation to start new business will get together in order to learn know-how. The more people will have learned it, the more companies will establish. In addition, lecturers will be able to en rich their know-how to observe and analyze these phenomenon. More and more people will gather to get a good fortune. A good circle will appear. In this sense, it is an essential and key factor of activating entrepreneurial act-ivities how we find out and bring up suitable lecturers for staring businesses. Less