Taxonomic study of the shade lichens in Japan

在日本地衣的278属（约1000种）中，下列24属被指定为荫蔽种；Agonimia、Arthonia、Arthopyrenia、Arthothelium、Bacidia、Bysoloma、Chaenotheca、Chiodecton、Chrysothrix、Coenogonium、Collema、Crocynia、Dimeralla、Diploschistes、Enterographa、Flakea、Gaisleria、Japewia、Lepraria、Micarea、Mycocalicium、Pachyphiale、Strangospora、Synalissa。它们在各种生境的弱光照条件和高湿度条件下限制性生长。分类学上，它们隶属于17科8目，被认为起源于不同起源的祖先。日本阴地衣多为甲壳类，菌体不明显，长期被忽视。在本研究中，我收集了约1000种阴地衣，并对其进行了广泛的分类研究。因此，在日本新发现的种类如下：雌雄同体、斑马蓟、斑马蓟、烛台金丝蓟、斑马蓟、斑马蓟、乳突花蓟、盘形花蓟、马龙花蓟、gyocarpa Opegrapha、varia、厚孢子虫、fagicola、Mammillosa、绿孢子虫、伞状芽孢虫、奇异孢子虫。大多数种类的阴地衣只有很少的地衣物质或完全没有。值得注意的是，含化学物质的阴地衣化学品系较少。

Among the total 278 genera (comprising ca 1000 species) of Japanese lichens, following 24 genera are designated to have shade species ; Agonimia, Arthonia, Arthopyrenia, Arthothelium, Bacidia, Bysoloma, Chaenotheca, Chiodecton, Chrysothrix, Coenogonium, Collema, Crocynia, Dimeralla, Diploschistes, Enterographa, Flakea, Gaisleria, Japewia, Lepraria, Micarea, Mycocalicium, Pachyphiale, Strangospora, Synalissa. They restrictedly grow in week light condition and in high humidity in various habitats. Taxonomically, they belong to 17 families and 8 orders and thought to be derived from ancestors belonging to different origin.Most of the Japanese shade lichens are crustose with indistinct thalli and have long been overlooked. During the present study, I have collected ca 1000 species of shade lichens for which extensive taxonomic study were made. As a results, following species are newly found in Japan ; Anisomeridium nyssaegenum, Arthonia spadicea, A.vinosa, Chrysothrix candelaris, Cliostomum friffithii, Enterographa zonata, Flakea papillata, Lopadium disciforme, Maronea constans, Opegrapha gyocarpa, O.varia, Pachyphiale carneola, P.fagicola, Porina Mammillosa, Scoliciosporum chlorococcum, S.umbrinum, Strangospora moriformis.Most of the species of shade lichens have only few lichen substances or completely lack them. It is noteworthy that shade lichens with chemical substances have only few chemical strains.