STUDY ON EFFICIENT ANEUPLOID PRODUCTION FROM TRIPLOID THROUGH IN-OVULO EMBRYO CULTURE IN GRAPES.

非整倍体植物由于染色体在生殖细胞中的减数分裂分布不均，配子育性往往较低。这种非整倍体的性质有望用于无籽葡萄生产。为培育非整倍体无核鲜食葡萄新品种，对三倍体葡萄的育种潜力进行了评价。153株三倍体菌株在添加10g/l^<-1>蔗糖和10mg/1^<-1>硼酸的1g/l琼脂培养基上培养花粉时，花粉萌发率为0 ~ 3.19%。在145个三倍体品系中，0 ~ 1.6%的结籽浆果通过自花授粉结实率。通过卵内胚培养，将三倍体与二倍体、三倍体与四倍体杂交培养出107株幼苗，其授粉花数回收率为0 ~ 1.37%。与三倍体与二倍体、三倍体与四倍体的反向杂交相比，以三倍体为花粉亲本的杂交幼苗恢复率明显高于反向杂交。施用75 mg/l^<-1>对氯苯氧乙酸对授粉花团幼苗恢复效果不显著。成苗染色体数分别为48、51、53、68、69、79、92，为非整倍体植株。本研究结果表明，尽管配子育性较低，但三倍体葡萄可以作为培养非整倍体后代的来源。本文报道了人工杂交培育非整倍体葡萄的首次成功报道。

Aneuploid plants often show low gametic fertility resulted from unequal meiotic distribution of chromosomes into reproductive cells. This neture of aneuploid is expected to be available for seedless grape production. For raising aneuploid progenies as a new type of seedless table grapes, we assessed the breeding potential of triploid grapes. Pollen germination rate of 153 triploid strains was 0 to 3.19% when the pollen was cultured on 1g/l^<-1> agar media added 10g/l^<-1> sucrose and 10mg/1^<-1> boric acid. In 145 triploid strains, 0 to 1.6% seeded berries set by self-pollination. With the aid of in-ovulo embryo culture, 107 seedlings were raised from crossing between triploid and diploid, and between triploid and tetraploid, though the recovery rate of the seedlings for the number of pollinated flowers was 0 to 1.37%. In comparison with reciprocal crosses between triploid and diploid, and between triploid and tetraploid, the cross with triploid as a pollen parent showed superior seedling recovery rate to the reciprocal cross. The application of 75 mg/l^<-1> p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid to the pollinated flower clusters was not effective for seedling recovery. Chromosome number of established seedling were 48,51,53,68,69,79,92, indicating aneuploid plants. The results of the present study suggest that triploid grapes can be used as a source for raising aneuploid progenies, despite their low gametic fertility. The first successful report for raising aneuploid grapes by artificial crossing was reported.