GENETIC STUDY ON ALLOTETRAPLOIDY GOLDFISH AND CRUSSIAN CARP BY MATING EXPERIMENTS

由于金鱼和鲫鱼可能是从异源四倍体起源进化而来的，同工酶图谱的出现具有复杂性，其遗传控制尚不清楚。因此，对种间关系和种内关系的遗传分析尚未深入开展。本研究为群体研究选择了方便实用的遗传标记，并通过交配试验分析了所选标记的遗传控制。结果表明：(1)核DNA和线粒体DNA是个体和群体研究中有用的遗传标记，但与同工酶相比不方便。(2)淀粉凝胶电泳法容易在10种酶中出现清晰的同工酶带。(3)通过3次配对实验和11次配对实验，在26个同工酶基因座中，有21个基因座对金鱼和鲫鱼的10种酶进行了遗传控制。(4)GPI-2和LDH-1、2、3、4基因座同工酶的遗传控制还有待进一步的交配组合研究。(5)鲤鱼自然群体的遗传变异性高于人工品系金鱼，但在经过严格选育的金鱼品系中不固定。(6)遗传分化水平被估计为金鱼品系内和天然锦鲤种群内的地方种族水平，以及金鱼和天然锦鲤之间的亚种水平。

Since goldfish and crussian carp would have been evolved from allo-tetraploid origin, isozyme patterns appeared with complexities and genetic control of them could not be clarified yet. Then genetic analyzes for inter- and intra-specific relationship has not been carried out deeply, yet. In the present study, convenient usable genetic markers for population study are chosen and the genetic control of chosen markers has been analyzed by mating experiments. As the results, (1) Nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA are usable genetic markers for individual and population study, but not convenient compared with isozymes. (2) Clear bands of isozymes in 10 enzymes appeared by starch gel electrophoresis, easily. (3) Genetic control of 21 out of 26 isozymic loci control for 10 enzymes has been demonstrated in gold fish and crussian carp by 3 and 11 combinations of pair maiting experiments, respectively. (4) But further combination of mating are needed for clarify the genetic control of isozymes in Gpi-2 and Ldh-1,2,3,4 loci. (5) Genetic variability is higher in natural population of crussian carp than in artificial strains of goldfish, but not fixed in any strain of goldfish which has been selected strictly. (6) Levels of genetic differentiation are estimated as local race level within strains of goldfish and within population of natural crussian carp, and as subspecies level between goldfish and natural crussian carp.