EFFECTS OF WARMING UP UNDER HOT AND COLD ENVIRONMENT CONDITION

关于热身程序的报道很多。但大多数报道都是基于常温条件下进行的，并没有对高温和低温条件下的升温情况进行研究。本研究的目的是利用气候室研究高温和寒冷环境条件下不同强度和持续时间的升温效果。实验结果表明，高强度的升温在高温和高湿度条件下无效。但在高温低湿条件下问题不大，在阳光充足的条件下，热身前应摄入水分，因为体重减轻较多，运动效率降低；寒冷环境条件下，热身应强度小，持续时间长，但不能太长。从田径中长跑运动员、越野滑雪运动员和雪橇运动员的实际热身情况中获取现场数据，中长跑运动员在夏季湿热环境下进行过度热身。体温的过度升高和热身造成的疲劳成为一个大问题。越野滑雪运动员和雪橇选手的热身将他们的直肠温度提高到38-39ﾟC，这太高了。并观察到直肠温度下降与休息时间之间的直接关系。这就提出了热身后如何有效利用休息时间的问题。现场研究结果表明，应缩短热身时间和休息时间，防止不必要的疲劳和体温下降。

There are many reports on warming up procedures. But most report are based under normal temperature condition and they do not research warming up conditions under high or low temperatures.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warming up by intensity and duration under hot and cold environment conditions by using climate chamber.The result of this experiment showed that the warming up with high intensity was ineffective under hot and high humidity condition. But it was less of a problem under hot and low humidity condition.It is desirable to intake wate r before warming up in sunny condition, because of more weight loss and decrease of exercise efficiency.In the cold environment condition, warming up should be low intensity and longer in time duration but it can not be excessively long. The main concern should be to prevent excessive perspiration and quick lowering of body temperature.The field data from the actual condition of warming up were taken from middle and long distance runner of the track and field, cross-country skiers and bobsleigh competitors.Excessive warming up was done by the middle and long distance runners under hot and humid environment in summer. Excessive rise in body temperature and the influence of fatigue by warming up became a large concern.Warming up by the cross-country skiers and bobsleigh competitors raised their rectal temperature to 38-39ﾟC,which too high. And also the direct relationship between decline of rectal temperature and rest time was observed. This raised the problem of how to use rest time effectively after warming up.The result of this field study shows that shorter time for warming up and rest time should be taken prevent unnecessary fatigue and lowering of body temperature.