Construction of Science education for developing students ability to understand familiar natural phenomena in a scientific way

本研究以大学生和初中生为调查对象，调查了他们对初中理科课程“电”的理解情况。结果表明：1）大学生和初中生对电的概念理解程度都比较低。2)那个与日常生活没有多大关系或应用的讲座似乎很容易忘记。3)集中于计算问题的教学似乎降低了学生学习科学的兴趣。考虑到这些结果，我们开发了以下教学方法，利用更熟悉的现象来吸引学生更多的注意力：a：通过检查熟悉的声音（如水溶液中产生CO2和气体燃烧器中燃烧的声音）来评估化学反应的实验方法和装置，以及B：通过生动的颜色变化帮助学生理解物质的热传导或三相转变的实验方法。B.河水的水分析方法的评价研究了测量水中表面活性剂浓度的简单方法，作为水污染的指标。与亚甲基蓝法相比，一个标准的方法，需要大量的时间和一些经验的化学分析，一个市售的“ponal试剂盒ABS”被认为是产生可靠的结果，操作不太复杂。此外，还编写了水分析手册。水污染是每个人都关心的问题，因此水分析将被接受作为环境和STS教育的教材。C.还研究了汞的节律现象作为化学教育教材的应用。

A.Development of teaching experiments with more familiar materials The survey was conducted on university and junior high school students with their comprehension of the lecture in "electricity", an unit of science, at junior high school to reveal the followings : 1) University and junior high school students show almost the same tendensy : they recogniged poor understanding of term of electricity. 2) The lecture which had little relation or little applications to the daily life seemed easy forget. 3) The teaching concentrated on calculation problems seemed to reduce students' interest in studying science. Taking these results into consideration, we developed the following teaching methods making use of more familiar phenomena to attract more attention of students : a : experimental methods and apparatus for evaluation ofchemical reaction by examination of familiar sounds such as those of CO2 generation from aqueous solution and flaming in a gas burner, and b : experimental methods that help students' understand thermal conduction or three phase transition of substance through vivid color changes.B.Evaluation of methods for water analysis of river water Simpler methods were researched for measuring surfactant concentration in water, as an indicator of water pollution. Compared with the methylene blue method, a standard method requiring much time and some experience in chemical analysis, a commercially available "ponal kit ABS" was found to yield reliable results with less complicated manipulation. In addition, manuals for water analysis were prepared. Water pollution is of concern to everyone, so water analysis will be acceptable as a teaching material in environmental and STS education.C.The application of rhythmic phenmena of mercury as a teaching material in chemical education was also studied.