The comparative study between France, England, Germany, on the function of qualifications in Educational and employment system

本研究旨在厘清法、英、德三国学历社会效用与教育制度特征之间的联系结构，并对三国进行比较。研究结果如下：1。在职业培训方面，法国和德国有三点不同。首先，法国的职业培训是国家控制的，而德国的职业培训是市场导向的。次要的。完成考试的内容在德国几乎是实用的，另一方面在法国，包括一般文化。第三个区别是工作教育和资格的联系。在法国，学校类型规定了职业教育水平和资格水平。在德国，他们可以接受任何职业培训，而不必考虑学校水平。法国的职业培训处于通识教育体制的必然之下，而德国的职业培训与通识教育完全分离，这种机制赋予了能力评价标准多元的必然性。工人形成与职业培训的结构特征是法国学校社会竞争统一的最重要因素。而在德国，竞争是多元的，例如在职业培训制度中存在竞争，中等教育多元化。这些事实似乎限制了精英政治。在德国和英国，中等水平职业培训竞争的存在产生了社会上所有人竞争的多元结构。这一点与法国和日本的情况特别不同。

This study aims to clarify the structure of connection between the social utility of qualifications and characters of educational system in France, England and Germany, also compare this three countries. The result of the study is as follows.1. There are three differences between France and Germany as to job training. First of all, French job training is nationally controlled, while that of Germany has a market directivity. Secondary. the contents of completion examination is almost practical in Germany, on the other hand in France, that includes general culture. The third difference is connection of job education and qualifications. In France, the school type prescribes the level of job education and the qualification level. In Germany, they can take any job training without regard to the school level.The French job training is situated under the corollary of the general education system, while the job training in German is completely separated from general education and this mechanism gives take the inevitability of plural standard of the evaluation of abilities.2. The structural characters of worker's formation and job training is the most important factor of the unification of social competition in the school in France. While in Germany, the competition is plural, for example, the existence of competition in the system of job training, pluralisme of secondary education. These facts seem to restrain meritocracy.3. In Germany and England, the existence of competition as regards the job training at moderate level produces the plural structure of competitions of all in the society. This point particularly differs from the situation in France and Japan.