A Comparative Study of France and Japan on mechanism of selection at secondary education

本研究阐明了中等教育阶段组织分化的原理和现实状态，并分析了旨在消除选择主义的实际政治倾向。这些研究的结果如下：1。学校评价制度是“学校自治”的重要政策之一，为了克服法国的选择主义，我在法国对J. -L.先生进行了听力研究。他是国家教育研究所的研究员，F. Louis先生是教育部计划和发展方向的主任。我从这些访谈中发现，新的评价体系是为了促进学校的自主管理和每个学校自己的教育效果，并期望在人们之间建立自我问责制和各种学校评价的观点。另外，学校自治已经成为学校之间差距的具体体现，因此，现在正在研究包含家长和社区参与的新的学校监督制度。我将“现代化”作为后选择主义的概念加以评述，并对其理论和实际情况进行了考察。“现代化”是与法国传统密切相关的，即通过引入市场机制来探索新的教育控制形式以获得效率。这种效率意味着通过自我负责来适当地提供适合人民需要的教育。这种新的教育方式和教育管理方式是实现以学校为中心的选拔向以学生为中心的选拔转变的关键。

This study clarified the principle and real states of organizational differentiation at the secondary education level, and analyzed the actual political tendencies that aimed to wipe away the selectionism. Results of these studies are as follows.1. School Evaluation system which was one of the important policies of the "school autonomy" has been introduced in order to come over the selectionism in France, so that I did the hearing research in France to Mr. J. -L. Derouet who was a researcher of the National Institute of Education and Mr. F. Louis who was a director of Direction of Program and Development under the Ministry of Education. I found from these interviews that the new evaluation system was to facilitate the autonomous school management and own educational effect of each school, and was expected to build up the self accountability and various view points of school evaluation among the peoples.Otherwise, the school autonomy has become tangible the disparities between the schools, so that new school inspection system has now being investigated which contained the idea of participation of parents and communities.2. I remarked the "modernization" as the concept of post selectionism and examined its theory and the actual situation."Modernization" was to grope for new educational control form to get the efficiency by taking in the market mechanism in a way which was closely linked to the French tradition. This efficiency meant to the appropriate supply of education which fits to the peoples needs by self accountability. This new style of education and educational control was the key of the convert from school-centered selection to the pupils-centered selection.