Vocabulary in flux: Multilingual dictionaries and lexical change between Early Modern Muscovy and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

该项目旨在对早期现代东欧的语言和文化互动机制提出新的理解。主要的研究对象是两本大型多语种词典：(1)17世纪中叶活跃在莫斯科的基辅学者Epifanii Slavinetskii编纂的希腊语-(教会)斯拉夫语-拉丁语词典；(2)Fedor Polikarpov的斯拉夫语-希腊语-拉丁语词典(莫斯科，1704年)，Epifanii词典的翻版和部分俄罗斯化版本。作为该项目的一部分，这两本词典将在词典门户网站中数字化并链接在一起。在此基础上，深入分析鲁塞文人对莫斯科书面语发展的影响。它将在图文并茂的案例研究中展示，俄罗斯知识分子如何通过波兰-立陶宛的书信人作为中间人，学习西欧(拉丁语和希腊语)词汇，从而使西欧的知识遗产成为他们自己的遗产。使用现代接触语言学的方法来确定词汇变化是如何发生的，以及哪些词汇是借来的以及如何借来的，这将有助于对现代早期(东)斯拉夫人的对等关系进行更细粒度的分析。同时，东斯拉夫语词典编纂将被视为一种文化实践，它从波兰-立陶宛传播到莫斯科，是希腊/(教会)斯拉夫语、拉丁语/波兰语和鲁塞尼亚/俄罗斯传统的融合。为了实现这些雄心勃勃的目标，最新的计算机技术将与语言学和语言学的传统方法一起使用。将使用手写文本识别工具(Transkrubs、eScriptreum/kraken)来处理文本。将创建一个由词典和来自同一文化背景的样本文本组成的数据库，并根据XML/TEI标准进行标记。将开发工具，将词典和课文联系起来，为自动比较研究其中的词汇开辟了可能性。这两本词典的数字版本将通过在线词典门户网站长期提供，以供进一步研究。将准备一个单独的印刷版Polikarpov词典，并提供大量的研究部分。词典门户的设计将允许今后增加更多的词典和其他来源，这将使人们能够对东斯拉夫语空间词汇发展的趋势进行广泛的分析，并为研究鲁塞尼亚语(乌克兰语/白俄罗斯语)对俄罗斯书面语言发展的影响开辟新的视角。

The project aims to put forward a new understanding of the mechanisms of linguistic and cultural interaction in Early Modern Eastern Europe. The main objects of research are two large multilingual dictionaries: (1) the Greek–(Church) Slavonic–Latin dictionary compiled by Epifanii Slavinetskii, a Kievan scholar active in Moscow in the mid-17th century; (2) Fedor Polikarpov’s Slavonic–Greek–Latin Leksikon treyazychnyi (Moscow, 1704), a reworked and partly Russified version of Epifanii’s dictionary. Both dictionaries will be digitized and linked together in a dictionary portal as part of the project. On the basis of these data, the impact of Ruthenian literati on the development of the written language of Muscovy will be analyzed in depth. It will be shown in amply illustrated case studies how Russian intellectuals took up Western European (Latin and Greek) vocabulary, via men of letters from Poland-Lithuania as intermediaries, and thereby made the intellectual heritage of Western European their own. Using approaches from modern contact linguistics to ascertain how lexical change occurred, and what lexical items were borrowed and how, will facilitate a more fine-grained analysis of (East) Slavic reciprocal relations in the Early Modern era. At the same time, East Slavic lexicography will be examined as a cultural practice that travelled from Poland-Lithuania to Moscow and which was an amalgamation of the Greek/(Church) Slavonic, Latin/Polish and Ruthenian/Russian traditions. In order to achieve these ambitious goals, the latest computer technologies will be put to use alongside traditional methods from philology and linguistics. Handwritten text recognition tools (Transkribus, eScriptorium/kraken) will be used to process the texts. A database consisting of both dictionaries and sample texts from the same cultural context will be created and tagged according to the XML/TEI standard. Tools will be developed to link the dictionaries and texts, opening up possibilities for automatic comparative study of the vocabulary in them. The digital versions of both dictionaries will be made available for further scholarship on a lasting basis via the online dictionary portal. A separate print edition of Polikarpov’s dictionary with be prepared with an extensive research portion. The dictionary portal will be designed to allow additional dictionaries and other sources to be added in the future, which will afford for a wide-ranging analysis of trends in the development of vocabulary in the East Slavic language space and open up new perspectives for research into Ruthenian (Ukrainian/Belarusian) influence on the development of written language in Russia.