A History of Basic Concepts in Public Administration and their Reconstructie

公共行政的基本概念是在20世纪20年代的美国形成的。在这些概念中有两个教条。第一个教条是，公共行政是一个独立于政治和社会的自治舞台。第二个信条是，有一种管理公共行政的最佳方式。在这些假设下，着重从财务管理和人力资源管理两方面来验证这些教条。20世纪40年代以后，随着行政国家的不断扩大，人们开始探索公共行政与社会的互动关系。公共行政是一个自治系统的教条不再持久。这一时期公共行政的重点是将公共行政的决策结构纳入更广泛的社会背景。“决策”、“规划”和“协调”是构成公共行政系统的基本单元。在此基础上，探讨了公共行政体制与其他行政体制的关系。“政府间关系”是这一时期的热门话题。20世纪60年代，公共行政的重点从投入方面转移到通过若干政策工具影响社会功能的产出方面。政策工具、信息活动和政策评价是这一时期的主要研究课题。如上所述，公共行政的重点已从体制单位转向职能单位。“新公共管理”运动加速了这一势头。面对这种解构主义思潮，公共行政学者试图维护学科的完整性。“行政责任”是服务于这种诚信的一个重新出现的话题。

Basic concepts in public administration were conceptualized in the U.S.A in the 1920's. There were two dogmas assumed in these conceptualizations. The first dogma was that public administration was an autonomous arena separated from politics and society. The second dogma was that there was a best way to manage public administration. Under these assumption, financial management and human resource management were focused to verify these dogmas.After the 1940's, as the administrative state was expanding, the interaction between public administration and society was explored. The dogma that public administration was an autonomous system was no more sustained. The focus of public administration in this period was on the decision making structure of public administration incorporated in the wider social context. "Decision-making", "planning", and "coordination" were basic units that consisted public administration system. Adding to them, the relationship between public administration system and other one was explored. "Intergovernmental relationship" was a popular topic in this period.In the 1960's the focus of public administration was moved from the input side to output side that affected social functions through several policy tools. Studies on policy tools, informational activities, and policy evaluation were main topics in this period.As described above, the focus of public administration has changed from institutional units to functional units. "The New Public Management" movement accelerated this momentum. Against this trend of deconstruction, scholars of public administration try to maintain the integrity of discipline. "Administrative responsibility" is a revived topic to serve this integrity.