Genetic-ecological study on the human population adaptation and survival in two Oceanic populations.

本研究从人口适应的角度，根据长期实地考察收集的数据以及对生物标本和环境样本的分析，对生活在巴布亚新几内亚的两个人口群体Gidra和Balopa进行了结论性比较。主要成果可以概括为以下三点。基于对Gidra和Balopa 70-80%成年人的血清流行病学分析，两个人群之间疾病谱的比较表明，Gidra疾病经历的个体间差异主要可以由遗传性质和随机暴露于环境病因因素来解释，考虑到他们的疾病谱主要由疟疾等传染病组成，老年病患病率明显降低。另一方面，Balopa相对发达的西方生活方式，不仅患有慢性退行性疾病，如糖尿病， ...更多信息 此外，还有输入性传染病，如丙型病毒性肝炎。疾病谱与遗传特征或营养状况之间的关系研究了已知与多种疾病相关的HLA-DRB多态性和导致疟疾抗性卵圆细胞增多症的带3缺失作为遗传特征。这两个结果表明过去的基因流入和疟疾的选择力，支持这些基因的固定。关于营养状况。铁营养的差异主要是由于膳食结构的差异对疟疾流行多样化的各个村庄贫血的发生有不同的影响.人口动态的计算机模拟我们将具有遗传信息、亲属关系和营养状况的个体定义为C语言的结构类型，并根据年龄别死亡率随营养状况、遗传因素和疟疾暴露的波动以及夫妇生育率的约束，进行人口动态的计算机模拟。基因从父母随机传递给后代。模拟分析表明，随着营养和疟疾对死亡率的影响程度的增加，遗传多态性的方差有增加的趋势。少

The present study conclusively compared the two human populations, Gidra and Balopa, living in Papua New Guinea, based on the data collected in long-term fieldwork and analyses of biological specimens and environmental samples, from the viewpoint of adaptation of human population. Major achievements can be summarized as following three points.1. Disease profiles at an individual levelBased on seroepidemiologic analysis for 70-80% adults of the Gidra and Balopa, comparison of disease profiles between the two populations suggested that inter-individual differences of disease experience in the Gidra can mostly be explained by genetic nature and by random exposure to environmental etiological factors, considering that their disease profile mostly consisted of communicable diseases like malaria, and the prevalence of geriatric diseases were markedly low. On the other hand, the Balopa relatively developed Westernized lifestyle and suffered from not only chronic degenerative diseases like dia … More betes but also imported infectious diseases like viral hepatitis type C.2. Relationship between the disease profiles and genetic feature or nutritional statusHLA-DRB polymorphism, which is known to have relationship with several diseases, and band-3 deletion which causes malaria resistant ovalocytosis were investigated as genetic features. Both results suggested past gene influx and malarial selection force which supported fixation of those genes. About nutritional status. difference in iron nutrition mainly due to differences in dietary pattern differentially affected the occurrence of anemia in various villages where malaria prevalence diversified.3. Conclusive computer simulation of population dynamicsWe defined the individual with genetic information, kin relations, and nutritional status, as the struct-type of C language, and conducted computer simulation of population dynamics according to the age-specific death rate fluctuating with nutritional status, genetic factor, and the exposure to malaria, and to the fertility bound to couples, where gene transmission was randomly done from each parent to an offspring. Simulation analyses suggested that the variance of genetic polymorphism tended to increase with the extent of nutritional and malarial effects on the death rate. Less