A Study on the 3-dimensional Material Transport Structure Between the Stratosphere and the Troposphere in the Extratropics.

在赤道地区，从对流层进入平流层的空气向温带外平流层移动，在温带以外地区返回对流层。这种循环对于确定臭氧和水蒸气的分布是很重要的。这些气体对平流层的热量平衡至关重要。在这个项目下，大大提高了对气候学和经向环流季节变化的认识。根据UARS卫星观测到的示踪剂成分垂直廓线，估算了冬季南极极涡的下沉速度。此外，还估算了与QBO有关的赤道地区的上升速度，并给出了垂直运动与温度之间的位相关系。利用客观分析资料，首次给出了与QBO相关的副热带地区的逆环流。定量地得到了皮纳图博喷发后全球环流的变化和极地下沉运动的季节变化。结果表明，平流层喷泉假设是不必要的。分析了北大西洋地区的夏季天气状况。本文研究了理想中层大气的环流和水汽分布，后两点与研究主题无关，但得到了一些有趣的结果。其三维结构尚未厘清，建模研究尚未完成。然而，这个项目是这个主题的一个陈述点。进一步的研究有待进一步研究。

The air entered from the troposphere to the stratosphere in the equatorial region moves toward extratropical stratosphere and returned into the troposphere in the extratropics. This circulation is important for determining ozone and water vapor distribution. These gases are essential for heat balance in the stratosphere. Under this project the understanding of the climatology and the seasonal variation of meridional circulation is greatly improved. The following are major results obtained in this project.From the vertical profiles of tracer constituents observed by the UARS satellite, the wintertime downward velocity in the Antarctic polar vortex is estimated. Also, the upward velocity in the equatorial region associated with the QBO is estimated and the phase relation between the vertical motion and the temperature is shown. Using the objective analysis data, the reverse circulation in the subtropical region associated with the QBO is shown for the first time. Also, the global circulation change after the Pinatubo eruption and the seasonal variation of downward motion in the polar regions are quantitatively obtained. It is shown that the stratospheric fountain hypothesis is not needed. The summer weather regime is analysed over the north Atlantic region. The circulation and water vapor distribution of an idealized middle atmosphere is studied.The last two points are indirect to the research theme, but' the interesting results are obtained. The 3-dimensional structure has not been clarified yet and the modeling study is not completed. However, this project is a stating point of this subject. Further study is expected.