Construction of Ethics through Phenomenological-analytical Investigations of Concepts and Ideas concerning Life and Death

这项研究计划用于以下目的。首先，(1)从历史和现实两个角度审视人的生死问题。其次，运用部分现象学、部分语言学分析的方法来考察问题。通过首席调查员和两名调查员之间的关键合作，预期的结果几乎完美地实现了。首席调查员Shino在名为&lt；自然现象学和&lt；人间现象学的研究项目中取得了一些重要成果。这两种现象学是紧密相连的。部分是因为人(此在)通过给他带来生死的自然过程而处于自然世界中，另一方面，也是因为同样的人通过对他的凡人命运的觉知而超越自然过程而生活在(在他自己的)人类世界中。这两种观点之间的联系既是现象学的，也是哲学人类学的。其中一位研究者清水，在长期致力于医学领域的背景下，带来了关于生活质量的概念的重大变化，并在关于生命和死亡的伦理学的一个原始立场上实现了，所谓的死亡的尊严必须位于关于生活质量的问题上。另一位调查员熊野在研究期间一直关注伊曼纽尔·莱维纳斯的研究。根据莱维纳斯的观点，对他人的责任来自于贫穷，而贫穷在他的面容中表达了他者。贫穷无非是人类自身的无能为力，从这个角度，我们可以学到许多关于人的生死伦理的重要观点。

This study has been planned for the following purposes. Firstly, (1) examining various problems concerning human <life and death>, both in historical and in actual perspectives. Secondly (2) examining the problem with methods of partly phenomenology, and partly linguistic analysis. The expected results have been almost perfectly achieved by the critical co-operation between the Head Investigator and the two Investigators.The Head Investigator, Shino, has achieved at some important results concerning the research-program named <the phenomenology of nature> and <the phenomenology of homo mortalis>. These two <phenomenologies> are closely connected with each other. Partly because the human being (Dasein) is situated m the natural world through the natural processes that brought him <life and death>, and partly because, on the other hand, the same human being transcends the natural processes and lives in (in-sein) human world through the awareness of his mortal destiny. The linkage between two points of view is both phenomenological and philosophical-anthropological.One of the Investigators, Shimizu, with a background of long-term commitment to the medical fields, has brought a important change concerning the very concept of <QOL>, and achieved at one original standpoint concerning the ethics of <life and death>, The so-called <dignity of death> must be situated in the problematic concerning the <QOL>. Another Investigator, Kumano, has been concerned with the study of Emmanuel Levinas during the research-term. The responsibility for the Other, according to Levinas, is derived from the poverty which express the Other in his <visage>. The poverty is nothing another than the in-capability of the homo mortal himself From this standpoint we can learn many important perspectives concerning the ethics on human <life and death>.