Evolution of nest construction technology from the aspects of fine surface structure and composition of nest material components

以下是在1996年和1997年进行的研究。(1)“窄腹黄蜂巢物质的结合”。我们用化学方法分析了一窝Eustenogaster calvptodoma，并首次证实在这个原始亚科中存在少量的口腔分泌物（发表在Jpn.J.Entomol.）。(2)“利用口腔分泌物建巢，参考纸蜂（Polistes chinensis）菌落的蛋白质流动”。从其巢中分离出大量粘附木质纤维的口腔分泌物。这种物质来源于动物在室外觅食的食物，它可能有助于制作轻便而坚韧的纸，这些纸应该可以用来建造大型的巢穴和殖民地。分泌物中n含量表明，蜂群携带的总蛋白质资源中约有10%用于巢的建设和维持。这可能会改变我们的观点，即筑巢的主要成本是植物材料的收集。1997年11月在台湾“第三届APCE”学术会议上发表，并被《Ethol》杂志收录。生态。和另一个星球)。从口腔分泌物中检出24种氨基酸，其中Glycin、proin、Alanin、Serin和Balin为主要成分。(3)“不同纬度地区的奠基人筑巢的劳动投入比较”。分布于北海道的riparius Polistes形成了一个由长细胞和外围空细胞组成的功能包膜。与此形成鲜明对比的是，居住在温暖地区的中国猿猴从不建造这样的结构。我们比较了两个物种的巢参数和巢材料组成。研究结果表明，在羽化前的巢中，河岸p.s riparius的创始人投入的劳动是中华p.s chinensis的两倍，可能是为了保持太阳辐射的温暖（提交给昆虫社会）。

The followings were studied during 1996 and 1997.(1) "Binding of nest material in the Stenogastrine wasps". We analyzed chemically a nest of Eustenogaster calvptodoma, and first confirmed the occurrence of a few amounts of oral secretion in this primitive subfamily (published in Jpn.J.Entomol.).(2) "Use of oral secretion in the nest construction, with reference to protein flow in colonies of a paper wasp, Polistes chinensis". Ample oral secretion that bind woody fiberswas separated from its nests. This substance is originated from animal diet foraged outside, and it might contribute to make light and tough paper that should have enabled large nests and colonies. N-quantity in the secretion showed that > 10% of total protein resource brought into the colony was used for the construction and maintenance of nest. This may change our view that major cost of nest construction is the collection of plant material. Presented at "3rd APCE" (Taiwan in November 1997, and the paper has been accepted by Ethol., Ecol.& Evol.). 24 kinds of amino acids were detected from the oral secretion, of which Glycin, Prorin, Alanin, Serin and Balin were major components.(3) "Comparison of investment of labor in the nest construction by foundresses at different latitudes". Polistes riparius, distributed in Hokkaido builds a functional envelope consisted of long cells and peripheral empty cells. Contrasting to this, Polistes chinensis, inhabiting warmer districts, never builds such the structure. We compared nest parameters and nest material composition between two species. The results suggests that the foundress of P.riparius invests twice as much labor as P.chinensis in the pre-emergence nests, probably to keep warmth of solar radiations (submitted to Insectes Sociaux).