A Study of Social Changes in Southern African Region

冷战的结束和种族隔离制度的崩溃使南部非洲国家的政治、社会和经济局势发生了基本变化。民主化、经济自由化和区域合作从1980年代末开始发展。我们许多人对这个地区的未来非常乐观。然而，我们知道现在该地区有很多难题，如犯罪率上升，高失业率和非法移民。即使在种族隔离时期，南非与其他南部非洲国家之间的关系，特别是经济关系仍然保持着。种族隔离之后，这种关系变得更加明显，发展迅速。大多数南部非洲国家正处于严重的经济危机之中。预期会缓解危机的结构调整政策的实施使生活更加困难，特别是中低收入城镇居民。赞比亚就是一个典型的例子。20世纪80年代和90年代，农村向城市迁移的人数有所减少。城镇回乡人口增加。这改变了城市化和移民的模式。赞比亚是20世纪80年代末和90年代初非洲民主化的典范，也就是说，在全球化时代。然而，肯尼斯·卡翁达（Kenneth Kaunda）领导的新政府试图禁止父母是外国出生的人参加选举。赞比亚的国籍是什么？国家和民族问题现在与民主化密切相关。

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of Apartheid regime gave birth to basic changes in political, social and economic situations in southern African countries. Democratization, economic liberalization and regional cooperation developed since the late 1980s. Many of us were every optimistic about the future of this region. However we know now the region has a lot of difficult problems such as increasing crime, high unemployment rate and illegal immigrants. The relations, particularly economic relations, between South Africa and other southern African countries were maintained even during the Apartheid period. After Apartheid the relations became more manifest and developed quickly. Most of southern African countries are in a serious economic crisis. The introduction of structural adjustment policies which were expected to ease the crisis made a living more difficult particularly among middle and low income town dwellers. Zambia is a typical example. Rural-urban migration decreased in number during 1980's and 1990's. Return migrants from towns increased. This changed the patterns urbanization and migration. Zambia was a model case of democratization in Africa in the late 1980's and early 1990's, that is o say, in the age of globalization. However the new government after Kenneth Kaunda tried to prohibit people whose parents are foreign born from running for election. What is nationality in Zambia? Nation and nationality issues are now much related with democratization.