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Regional Transformation and Migration in Southern Africa

南部非洲的区域转型和移民

基本信息

批准号：
11691099
负责人：
OGURA Mitsuo
金额：
$ 13.98万
依托单位：
Tsuda College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of Apartheid regime gave birth to basic changes in political, social and economic situations id southern African countries. Democratization, economic liberalization and regional cooperation developed since the late 1980s. Many of us were optimistic about the future of this region in the early 1990s. However we know now that most of southern African countries are in a serious economic crisis. The region has a lot of difficult problems such as increasing crimes, high unemployment rate and illegal immigrants. The introduction of structural adjustment policies which were expected to ease the crisis made a living more difficult particularly among middle and low income town dwellers.We conducted field research in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa about various subjects: Zambian democratization and NGOs, migrants in Zambia from Zimbabwe and their living in a village, migration and rural society in Zambia, antigovernment movement and urban migrants in Zimbabwe, migration under colonial rule in Mozambique, migration from Mozambique to South Africa, racial reconciliation in post-Apartheid South Africa, discrimination against Jewish migrants, Chinese labor importation in South Africa.The close relations, particularly economic relations, between South Africa and other southern African countries were maintained even during the Apartheid period. After Apartheid the relations became more manifest and developed quickly. To understand southern Africa today in historical perspective, the report includes historical studies which show continuities and changes in migration and the related issues.

冷战的结束和阿巴查政权的垮台使南部非洲国家的政治、社会和经济形势发生了根本性的变化。自1980年代后期以来，民主化、经济自由化和区域合作得到发展。在1990年代初，我们中的许多人对这个地区的未来感到乐观。然而，我们现在知道，大多数南部非洲国家正处于严重的经济危机之中。该地区有许多棘手的问题，如犯罪率上升，失业率高，非法移民。结构调整政策的实施本应缓解危机，但却使中低收入城镇居民的生活更加困难。我们在赞比亚、津巴布韦、莫桑比克和南非就各种问题进行了实地研究：赞比亚的民主化和非政府组织，来自津巴布韦的赞比亚移民及其在村庄的生活，赞比亚的移民和农村社会，津巴布韦的反政府运动和城市移民、莫桑比克殖民统治下的移民、莫桑比克向南非的移民、南非大屠杀后的种族和解、对犹太移民的歧视、南非的中国劳工输入等。南非和其他南部非洲国家之间的关系甚至在和平时期也保持着。阿巴查以后，这种关系更加明显，发展迅速。为了从历史的角度了解今天的南部非洲，报告包括了历史研究，这些研究表明了移徙和相关问题的连续性和变化。