Regional Transformation and Migration in Southern Africa

冷战的结束和种族隔离政权的垮台，使南部非洲国家的政治、社会和经济形势发生了根本性的变化。民主化、经济自由化和区域合作自20世纪80年代末以来不断发展。1990年代初，我们中的许多人对该地区的未来持乐观态度。然而，我们现在知道，大多数南部非洲国家正处于严重的经济危机之中。该地区有许多难题，如犯罪增加、高失业率和非法移民。预计将缓解危机的结构调整政策的出台，使人们的生活变得更加困难，特别是在中低收入城镇居民中。我们在赞比亚、津巴布韦、莫桑比克和南非进行了实地调查，涉及各种主题：赞比亚的民主化和非政府组织、来自津巴布韦的移民及其在一个村庄的生活、赞比亚的移民和农村社会、津巴布韦的反政府运动和城市移民、莫桑比克殖民统治下的移民、莫桑比克移民到南非的移民、种族隔离后南非的种族和解、对犹太移民的歧视、中国在南非的劳工输入。密切的关系，特别是经济关系，即使在种族隔离时期，南非和其他南部非洲国家之间的关系仍然存在。种族隔离后，两国关系更加明显，发展迅速。为了从历史的角度理解今天的南部非洲，该报告包括了一些历史研究，这些研究显示了移徙和相关问题的连续性和变化。

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of Apartheid regime gave birth to basic changes in political, social and economic situations id southern African countries. Democratization, economic liberalization and regional cooperation developed since the late 1980s. Many of us were optimistic about the future of this region in the early 1990s. However we know now that most of southern African countries are in a serious economic crisis. The region has a lot of difficult problems such as increasing crimes, high unemployment rate and illegal immigrants. The introduction of structural adjustment policies which were expected to ease the crisis made a living more difficult particularly among middle and low income town dwellers.We conducted field research in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa about various subjects: Zambian democratization and NGOs, migrants in Zambia from Zimbabwe and their living in a village, migration and rural society in Zambia, antigovernment movement and urban migrants in Zimbabwe, migration under colonial rule in Mozambique, migration from Mozambique to South Africa, racial reconciliation in post-Apartheid South Africa, discrimination against Jewish migrants, Chinese labor importation in South Africa.The close relations, particularly economic relations, between South Africa and other southern African countries were maintained even during the Apartheid period. After Apartheid the relations became more manifest and developed quickly. To understand southern Africa today in historical perspective, the report includes historical studies which show continuities and changes in migration and the related issues.