Short-term and accurate measurement of gust, lightning and heavy rainfall around Osaka-plain, and improvement of their forecasting method

利用日本气象厅20年的AMeDAS资料，对大坂平原地区暴雨的出现特征进行了统计分析。结果表明，暴雨发生在梅雨期，范围较广，但低压和秋季锋面往往带来小范围的暴雨。在大坂平原的北方地区，这种暴雨集中的现象是经常出现的。在此基础上，我们在大坂平原北方部署了比AMeDAS更密集的雨量计，并成功地检测到了高度集中的强降雨事件。我们部署了我们的多普勒雷达系统和双基地多普勒雷达系统，研究三维雷达回波和中尺度降水云系的动力结构，造成大坂平原暴雨。利用关西机场的航空多普勒雷达和我们的多普勒雷达系统讨论了下击暴流的探测极限。本文还讨论了利用多普勒雷达系统和闪电探测系统（SAFIR）预报闪电活动和地点的可能性。利用多普勒雷达资料进行中尺度对流系统预报，改进了降水、下击暴流和雷电探测预报技术。

We statistically investigated the appearance characteristics of heavy rainfall occurred around Osaka plain by using 20 years AMeDAS data of JMA. It is found that heavy rainfall occurred widely during Baiu season, but low and autumn front tended to bring heavy rainfall in small area. Such concentration of heavy rainfall was often found in the northern part of Osaka plain. Based on this analysis, we deployed our rain gauges more densely than AMeDAS in the northern part of Osaka plain, and succeeded in detection of the highly concentrated heavy rainfall events. We deployed our Doppler radar system and the Bistatic Doppler radar system to study 3D radar echo and dynamic structure of mesoscale precipitating cloud systems that caused heavy rainfall in Osaka plain. We discussed the detection limit of downburst by using the Aviation Doppler radar of Kansai Airport and our Doppler radar system. We also discussed the possibility of forecasting of lightening activity and place by using Doppler radar systems and the lightening detection system (SAFIR). Assimilating Doppler radar data, we tried to forecast the mesoscale convective system.In summary, we succeeded in improvement of the technique of forecasting of precipitation, downburst and lightening detection.