A Study on Development of Prevention Programs Against Bullying and Its Meta-Manuals

研究结果表明：第一，根据我们的国际比较定量研究结果，日本的受害经历率与欧洲国家相比非常低，但日本人在一周内长期遭受多次欺凌的比例最高。这意味着，尽管日本的受害事件并不多见，但日本的受害事件一旦发生，就有加速而不减速的趋势。此外，在“旁观者”和“干预者”的动态方面，日本和欧洲国家有着明显的区别。在日本，从小学生到初中生，“旁观者”的数量逐渐增加，“干预者”的数量逐渐减少，而在欧洲，“干预者”的数量逐渐增加，“旁观者”的数量逐渐减少。威慑那些参与欺凌的人，在干预中发挥了相当大的作用。不仅在日本，而且在有着共同欺凌问题的欧洲国家，这种威慑力是在“共生”的基础上产生的，学生“共生”意识的发展会产生威慑力，从而预防和干预欺负行为。威慑力的脆弱性源于日本社会的“私有化”趋势，可以说是“私有化”的一种不良影响。在个人欲望过度膨胀的环境中，出现了弊端。日本社会需要在确立“个人自我”的基础上向“私有化”过渡。

Findings of the research results are following.Firstly, according to the results of our international comparative quantitative research, experience rate of being victimized in Japan is very low compared with those in European countries but the Japanese rate of being bullied several times in one week for a long term is the highest. It means the stronger tendency for the victimization, once happened, to be accelerated without brake in Japan than those in other countries, despite Japanese infrequent occurrence of victimization. Moreover, clear distinction between Japan and European countries is observed in dynamics of "bystanders" and "intervenients". With development from primary school pupils to junior high students in Japan, the number of "bystanders" gets larger and the one of "intervenients" gets smaller though "intervenients" increases in number and "bystanders" decreases in Europe.Secondly, deterrence of the people who surround those involved in bulling takes quite significant roll in intervention/prevention programs against bullying not only in Japan but in European countries which share common problems of bullying.Thirdly, this deterrence is generated based on "the symbiotic" and development of "symbiotic" consciousness in students will grow deterrence to prevent and to intervene bullying.Fourthly, the fragility of deterrence stems from trend of "privatization" of Japanese society and it can be regarded as a baneful influence of "privatization". The banefulness has appeared in milieu of overgrowth of desires of individuals. Japanese society needs to experience transition into "privatization" based on establishment of "individual self".