A distributed simulation model of water quality and storm water using PWRIM and SWMM in combined sewer pipe systems

在日本，由于合流下水道系统的溢流，包括城市河流在内的受纳沃茨的水质逐年恶化。因此，必须迅速制定适当的反措施，以减轻溢出。为了实现这一目标，本文研究了一种实用的分布式水质和暴雨径流模拟模型，该模型能够精确地模拟明渠和满负荷水流以及管道系统中径流水质的时空变化。被转换成分布式仿真模型。其次，将PWRI模型与LATERAL模型相结合，利用分布式模型可以精确地模拟有超载的暴雨径流和合流制排水系统中径流水质的时空变化，并可用于评价各种减少CSO措施的效果。最后，将模型应用于一个真实的城市流域，通过实测径流量与模拟径流量的对比，考察了模型的适应性。结果表明：（1）在现阶段，观测结果与模拟结果的一致性还不充分;（2）模拟模型可以很好地再现受流量调节影响的污染物径流特性;（3）模拟模型可以用来检验缓解CSO的对策的有效性。

Owing to overflows from combined sewer pipe systems, water quality of receiving waters, including urban rivers, in Japan, has become worse year by year. Therefore, appropriate counter-measures that can mitigate the overflows must be developed promptly. In order to achieve this, a practical distributed simulation model of water quality and storm water runoff is investigated, which can simulate precisely both open-channel and surcharged flows and a temporal and spatial variation of runoff-water quality in the pipe systems.In this research, first PWRI Model, which is a lumped simulation model and was developed by the Public Works Research Institute, Japan, was transformed into a distributed simulation model. Second, PWRI Model was combined with LATERAL Model : these distributed models can simulate precisely storm water runoff with surcharge and a temporal and spatial variation of runoff-water quality in combined sewer pipe systems ; the models can be employed to evaluate the efficiency of various counter-measures that are designed to reduce CSOs and installed in the sewer pipe systems. Finally, the models were applied to a real urban drainage basin, and the adaptability of the models was investigated on the basis of the comparisons of observed and simulated runoff results. As a result, the following were pointed out (1) the agreement between the observed and simulated results, at this stage, is not necessarily adequate throughout the comparisons ; (2) the simulation model can reproduce well the runoff characteristics of pollutants influenced by flow regulations ; (3) the simulation model can be used to examine the efficiency of counter-measures mitigating CSOs.