Study on the epidemiology of Cadmium contamination in wild birds

1)采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对野生鸟类肝、肾中8种重金属Cd的含量进行了测定，并对其作为环境污染监测指标的可行性进行了评价。由于某些元素之间的相关性、元素的多重污染以及污染程度与繁殖地、食物或生活场所等的关系，这些结果大多已发表为11篇。参考文献(部分已提交发表)2)检索市售肉类和含有鸟类的野生动物中单核细胞增多性乳杆菌(L.M)的污染情况，作为重金属和细菌多重污染以及金属对基因影响的基础研究。因此，不同血清型的多重污染出现在市场上的肉类中，但不存在于野生动物中。进一步，将分离的L.M菌株在含Cd、V、Sn3种重金属的培养液中多次培养后提取染色体DNA。本研究结果为进一步研究重金属对基因的影响奠定了基础。3)利用离体器官和培养细胞对重金属的吸收进行了研究。明确了V在豚鼠结肠带绦虫体内的含量与作用之间的关系，为V的测定带来了困难。此外，以V为指示剂，研究了金属对培养细胞(Vero细胞)的影响，并与分离器官的结果进行了比较。然后，在Vero细胞中也得到了类似的结果，尽管反应速度比分离的器官快。这些结果已部分发表为11篇参考文献，更多的研究还在继续检验中。

1) The contents of 8 heavy metals containing Cd in the liver and kidney of wild birds were firstly determined with ICP method in the present study, and then it was evaluated whether they were suitable or not as the monitor of environmental contamination. These birds were, consequently, suggested to play a role as an monitor of environmental contamination because several results were obtained for the correlation among certain elements, multiple contamination by elements, and the relations between the degree of the contamination and reproduction area, foods or living sites etc. Most of these results have already been published as 11. REFERENCES (partly, in submitted for publication).2) The contamination by L.monocytogense (L.m) in marketed meets and wildlife containing bird were searched as the base study for the investigations of multiple contamination by heavy metals and bacteria, and effects of metals on gene. Multiple contamination by different serotypes was, then, suggested in the marketed meats but not in wildlife. Further, chromosomal DNAs were extracted after the several times' cultures of isolated L.m strains in the medium containing heavy metals (Cd, V, Sn). In the results the base was established for the investigation of the effects of heavy metals on gene from the change in endonuclease cleveage patterns.3) The uptake of heavy metals was investigated in vitro using isolated organs and culture cell. The relation between the V contents and effects were clarified in guinea-pig taenia coli for the contaminated V which measurement was known to be difficult. Further, the effects of metals on cultured cell (Vero cell) were investigated using V as indicator, then the results were compared with them from isolated organs. Similar results were, then, obtained in the Vero cell though the reaction was faster than those in isolated organs. These results have been partially published as 11. REFERENCES, and more study is in continued examination.