Effects of Falling on the Quality of Life of Old-old People

本研究旨在探讨跌倒对老年人随后的跌倒恐惧、身心健康及日常生活的影响。研究对象为北海道0镇65岁及以上的871名居民。进行了两项调查：基线调查（1998年），871名受试者中有754人参与了调查；后续调查（1999年），599名受试者在基线调查中回答他们从未跌倒过。在后续调查中，599名被选中的受试者中有518人参与了调查。调查是由训练有素的采访者在受试者家中进行的。调查项目包括性别、年龄、过去一年的跌倒史和跌倒情况、害怕跌倒、自我效能、疾病史、自评健康状况、生活满意度、工具性ADL、社会角色、社会网络和生活方式。在基线调查中，发现在过去一年中有更多的女性经历过跌倒，多于男性（19.3%的男性对21.6%的女性）。使用助行器的人以及有高血压、白内障或骨质疏松病史的人更容易跌倒。在参与后续调查的518名受试者中，68人回答说他们有跌倒的经历，452人回答说他们从基线调查开始就没有跌倒过。对这两组进行比较，以评估跌倒对生活质量的影响。与“不摔倒”组相比，“摔倒”组对摔倒的恐惧有所增加。跌倒组的自评健康状况和生活满意度有所下降，相反，未跌倒组的自评健康状况和生活满意度有所上升。与跌倒组相比，未跌倒组的受试者交往的人数、社会角色得分和社会参与得分明显下降。结果表明，老年人跌倒的经历不仅会增加对再次跌倒的焦虑程度，还会导致主观幸福感的恶化，以及对社会角色和与他人交往的限制。然而，研究结果并不支持跌倒对老年人生活质量有更大影响的假设。少

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of falling on the subsequent fear of falling, physical and emotional health, and daily life of elderly people.The subjects were 871 residents of 0 Town in Hokkaido who were aged 65 years or older. Two surveys were carried out: a baseline survey (in 1998) in which 754 of the 871 subjects participated and a follow-up survey (in 1999) of 599 subjects who replied in the baseline survey that they had never experienced a fall. In the follow-up survey, 518 of the 599 selected subjects participated. The surveys were conducted in the homes of the subjects by a trained interviewers. The items surveyed included gender, age, history of falls in the past year and the circumstances of the falls, fear of falling, self efficacy, history of disease, self-rated health status, satisfaction with life, instrumental ADL, social roles, social network, and lifestyle.In the baseline survey, it was found that more women had experienced falls in the past year … More than men had (19.3% of the men vs 21.6% of the women). People who used a walking aid as well as people with a history of hypertension, cataract or osteoporosis experienced more falls.Of the 518 subjects who participated in the follow-up survey, 68 replied that they had experienced falls and 452 replied that they had not experienced falls since the time of the baseline survey. These two groups were compared to assess the effects of falls on quality of life. The fear of falling had increased in the "fall" group compared to that in the "nonfall" group. The self-rated health status and degree of satisfaction with life had decreased in the fall group and, conversely, had increased in the nonfall group. The number of people with whom subjects associated, the social role score, and the social participation score had notably decreased in the nonfall group compared to those in the fall group.The results suggest that experience of falling by elderly people not only increases the degree of anxiety about falling again but also causes a deterioration of subjective well-being as well as limitations to social roles and association with other people. However, the results did not support the hypothesis that falling has a stronger effect on the quality of life of old-old people. Less