Cohort study on the relationship between lifestyles and cardiovascular risk factors in young male university students.

日本人，特别是年轻一代生活方式的西化，是未来冠心病增加的一个令人担忧的问题。为了弄清年轻男性生活方式与心血管危险因素之间的关系，我们对170名男性大学生进行了为期三年的校园生活调查。在定期健康检查的第1年和第4年分别测定体格特征、血脂、脂肪酸组成、纤维蛋白原以及饮食习惯和生活方式。每天吃三顿饭并定期吃早餐的学生比例在4^< 10 ^ 10年比1^< 10 ^ 10年显著下降。鱼类、蔬菜、牛奶和蛋类的日粮频次在4^< 1^ 1年下降，而油脂的日粮频次在4^< 1^ 1年上升。目前吸烟者和饮酒者的患病率在2010年也显著增加。收缩压、舒张压和体脂率在4^< 100年高于1^< 100年。吸烟率和酒精使用率在2010年也较高。血清纤维蛋白原水平在4^< 1 >年高于1^< 1 >年，但血清总胆固醇在两者之间无显著差异。血清饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸（FA）组成在4^< 4 bb1年显著升高，而多不饱和脂肪酸（n3和n6-不饱和脂肪酸）组成在4^< 1 bb1年显著降低。n3与n6之比（n3/n6之比）在4^< 100年呈显著下降趋势。在4 ~ 100岁的学生中，n3-不饱和脂肪酸组成以及二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸与鱼类摄入频率呈正相关。从体质特征、血脂和脂肪酸组成的变化可以看出，4^< 1^ 2 >年的学生普遍表现出西化的饮食习惯，冠状动脉危险状况高于1^< 1^ 2 >年。改变这些饮食习惯和生活方式可能对日本年轻一代预防未来冠心病很重要。少

Westernization of lifestyles among Japanese, in particular among young generations, is a matter of concern about a future increase in coronary heart disease. In order to clarify the relationship between lifestyles and cardiovascular risk factors in young males, we examined a total of 170 male university students for three years during their campus life. Physical characteristics, serum lipids, fatty acid compositions, fibrinogen as well as dietary habits and lifestyles were measured twice at the 1^<st> and the 4^<th> year in the periodic health examination.The proportion of students who ate meals three times daily and breakfast regularly decreased significantly in the 4^<th> year as compared with the 1^<st> year. The dietary frequency of fish, vegetable, milk and egg decreased, and that of oil increased in the 4^<th> year as compared with 1^<st> year. The prevalence of current smokers and drinkers also significantly increased in the 4^<th> year. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures an … More d percent body fat were higher in the 4^<th> year as compared with 1^<st> year. Smoking rate and alcohol usage were also higher in the 4^<th> year. Serum fibrinogen level was higher in the 4^<th> year than in the 1^<st> year, but serum total cholesterol showed no difference between them.Serum compositions of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) increased significantly in the 4^<th> year, whereas those of polyunsaturated FA (both of n3 and n6-unsaturated FA) significantly decreased in the 4^<th> year. The ratio of n3 and n6 (n3/n6 ratio) showed significantly decrease in the 4^<th> year. Within the 4^<th> year students, the n3-unsaturated fatty acid composition as well as Eicosapentaenoic acid and Docosahexaenoic acid was positively correlated with the frequency of fish intake.Students in the 4^<th> year generally showed westernized dietary habits and higher coronary risk profiles than in the 1^<st> year as indicated by the change of body characteristics and serum lipid and fatty acid compositions. Modification of these dietary habits and lifestyles may be important for the prevention of future coronary heart disease among Japanese young generations. Less