Mechanism of Environmental Variability in the Arctic Ocean

作为整合整个项目的平台，我们开发了一个北极冰-海耦合模式，通过该模式考察了冰-海系统对大气变率的响应，并在物理-地球化学版本中解释了生物地球化学过程。一旦大气压力模式被赋予北极涛动（AO）信号，模式就再现了观测到的海冰覆盖变化的十年周期。通过弗拉姆海峡的水交换量随着极涡的增强而增加。深对流和稠密水扩散是北极模式中没有明确解决的重要海洋过程，并且在高分辨率模式的基础上被参数化。通过对北极模式的进一步分析，揭示了北极涛动与冰盖变化相互促进的反馈机制。 ...更多信息 一旦冰盖减少，更多的热量被输送到大气中，这往往会加剧极地涡旋。它的风型增加了通过弗拉姆海峡的水交换，有利于大西洋水进入北冰洋。然后，更多的海冰融化。这种正反馈与北极-大西洋的自振荡系统结合在一起，激发了AO。对苏联收集的云和辐射数据进行分析，表明近40年来云增加。这种对地面热通量的影响相当于冰减少引起的热通量减少。尽管在真实的气候和全球变暖模拟中，海冰被认为是全球变暖的一个重要指示因子，但在将观测数据与模式结果进行比较时，除了海冰和温度外，还应注意更多的参数，生物地球化学过程是重要的环境组分，通过反馈到物理组分对全球变暖起着至关重要的作用。在白令海、巴芬湾、波罗的海和Saroma泻湖进行了观测，确定了每个地区的主要浮游植物物种。苏联收集的水化学数据包括溶解氧、碱度、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和硅酸盐。对这组数据进行了分析，证明了加拿大盆地水柱的垂直伸展。垂直运动可以解释为响应AO的Ekman辐合或辐散的结果。这一惊人的结果被表达为该项目的最新成果。少

As a platform to integrate the entire project, we have developed a coupled ice-ocean model of the Arctic, by which the responses of the ice-ocean system to the atmospheric variability are examined, and also bio-geochemical processes are interpreted in the physical-biogeochemical version. Once the atmospheric pressure pattern is given the Arctic Oscillation (AO) signal, the model has reproduced the observed sea ice cover variability at a decadal period. The water exchange through the Fram Strait is found to increase responding to the intensified Polar Vortex. Deep convection and dense water spreading are the important oceanic processes which are not explicitly resolved in the Arctic model, and are parameterized on the basis of high resolution models. An observational study has provided better understanding of under-ice mixing.The further analysis of the Arctic model has revealed the feedback mechanisms, by which the Arctic Oscillation and ice-cover variability could enhance each other. … More Once the ice cover reduces, more heat is given to the atmosphere, which tends to intensify the Polar Vortex. Its wind pattern increases the water exchange through the Fram Strait and gives favor to the Atlantic Water penetrating into the Arctic Ocean. Then, more sea ice melts. This positive feedback comes together with a self-oscillating system of the Arctic-Atlantic Ocean, and excites the AO.Cloud and radiation data collected by the Soviet Union have been analyzed to present a cloud increase in the recent 40 years. This effect on the surface heat flux is equivalent to that arising from the albedo decrease due to the ice reduction. Although the sea ice has been claimed to be an important indicator for global warming in the real climate and global warming simulation, it has been strongly suggested that more parameters than sea ice and temperature should be looked into carefuly in the comparison between observed data and model results.Bio-geochemical processes are important environmental components and also crucial to global warming through feedback to the physical component. Observations have been conducted in the Bering Sea, Baffin Bay, the Baltic Sea and Saroma Lagoon, identifying a primary species of phytoplankton in each area. Their roels for global warming have been estimated.Hydrochemical data collected by the Soviet Union include dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, phosphate, nitrate and silicate. This data set has been analyzed, giving an evidence of vertical stretching of the water column in the Canada Basin. The vertical motion can be interpreted as a consequence of Ekman convergence or divergence responding to the AO. This striking result is expressed as the most recent outcome of this project. Less