"Zeitoper" on the 1920's in Germany

“Zeitoper”是20世纪20年代在德国非常流行的一种歌剧类型。许多著名的作曲家，如欣德米斯，恩，R.施特劳斯，达尔伯特等都被它迷住了。这部“Zeitoper”的情节集中在一个普通的现代公民的普通生活上。这是一种“家庭剧”或“侦探小说”。这个故事不是分成3、4或5幕，而是由许多短的“场景”组成。避免了任何歌剧的“高潮”。“Zeitoper”是反对理查德·瓦格纳（Richard Wagner）的“音乐剧”和威尔第（Verdi）的“大歌剧”的反动运动。本文从音乐结构、戏剧创作和接受史三个角度进行研究。许多关于20世纪歌剧的研究都认为20世纪20年代是“歌剧的死亡”。但在现实中，戏曲创作仍未“死”。“Zeitoper”是19世纪“大歌剧”和20世纪好莱坞电影之间的一座历史性“桥梁”。此外，所谓的“情节剧”的影响也不容忽视（情节剧是一种戏剧类型，在20世纪的巴黎非常流行）。

The "Zeitoper" is an operatic genre which was very popular on the 1920s in Germany. Many famous componists like Hindemith, Well, R. Strauss, Dalbert etc were enchanted by it. The plot of this "Zeitoper" is focused on the ordinary life of an oridinary modern citizen. It is a kind of "home drame" or "detective story". The story isconsists of, instead of being devided into 3 or 4 or 5 "Acts", many short "scenes". Any operatic "climax" is avoided. The "Zeitoper" is a reactionary movement against the "Musikdrama" of Richard Wagner and also the "Grande opera" of Verdi.In this study I researched from the viewpoints of musical structure, dramaturgie and reception history. Many studies about the opera of the 20^<th> Century have spoken of the "death of the opera" on the 1920s. But in reality, opera composition was still not "dead".The "Zeitoper" was a historical "bridge" between the "Grand opera" of the 19^<th> century and the Holliwood movie of the 20^<th> century. Also the influende of the so-called "melodrama" is not to be overseen (The melodrama is a dramatic genre which was very populara in Paris of the 20th century).