Attachment from infancy to early adulthood : Continuity, predictability and their correlates

这本专著的主要目的是检验传统依恋理论提出的依恋在人类发展中的两个关键假设的有效性：(1)依恋质量从婴儿期到成年期的连续性；(2)依恋在未来发展中的可预测性。研究1由五篇论文组成，考察了与这些关键假设相关的理论问题。研究2使用纵向数据检验了连续性假设。在最初的60个队列中，28名19至20岁的年轻人同意接受AAI关于他们目前依恋状态的单独访谈，他们在12个月大时被奇异情况程序划分为依恋类型，包括16个B型、6个C型和6个不一致的C型。几乎所有参与者都被归入安全类型，这一数据集不支持连续性的假设。研究3使用相同的数据集检验了可预测性假设。研究结果表明，婴儿依恋类型不能预测以后的发展。关键的生活事件，如父母离婚、高中辍学或学校欺凌，与他们从婴儿期到现在依恋类型的变化没有直接关系。最后，讨论了未来对数据集进行分析的新主题以及对结果进行新解释的可能性。

The chief aim of this monograph is to examine the validity of two key assumptions of attachment in human development proposed by the traditional attachment theory: (1)continuity of attachment quality from infancy to adulthood ; and (2)predictability of attachment in future development.This monograph comprises three studies. Study 1 consists of five papers that examined theoretical issues related to these key assumptions. Study 2 examines the assumption of continuity using longitudinal data. Of an original cohort of 60, twenty-eight young adults, aged 19 to 20, who had been classified into attachment types by the Strange Situation Procedure when they were 12 months old and had consisted of 16 B-types, six C-types and six Inconsistent-C-types, agreed to be individually interviewed as to their present state of attachment by the AAI. Almost all of the participants were classified into secure types, the assumption of continuity was not supported by this data set. Study 3 examines the predictability assumption using the same set of data. Findings indicated that infant attachment type could not predict later development. Critical life events, such as divorce of the parents, high school dropout, or bullying in schools, were not directly related to their changes in attachment types from infancy to the present. Finally, emerging topics for future analysis of the data set and possibilities of new interpretations of the results are discussed.