Informalization in Japan : a research on the formation and development of subcontracting systems

本研究报告由四部分组成。第一部分是“问题与假设”。这一部分从资本主义发展类型学的角度，对中小企业及其分包关系的近代增长和历史形成进行了理论考察。有人认为，在日本的分包关系是前公司的延伸，在“母”公司的劳资关系，其中包括前资本主义的关系，通过副产品主要是在面对工业冲突，并在分包公司的劳资关系也包括前资本主义的关系。这个过程被定义为非正式化。第二部分为“研究对象与背景”。介绍了日立公司的日立行政事业部，其分包企业及其关联企业。并结合1950年日立公司的劳资冲突，分析了分包关系的形成。因此，本研究的假设大致成立。第三部分是“现实与变化”。本部分主要通过访谈的方式考察日立行政事业部近年来的分包关系及其在非正式化方面的变化。第四部分是“课题与展望”。这一部分试图对分包关系进行形式化分类，以便将日立公司与其他案例进行比较。并对日立地区的发展前景进行了展望。

This research report consists of four parts. Part I is "problematic and hypothesis". This part theoretically examines the recent increase and historical formation of small and medium-sized firms and their subcontracting relations in a perspective of typology of capitalist development. It is suggested that subcontracting relations in Japan were ex-firm extensions of industrial relations in "parent" firms, which have consisted of precapitalist relations, through spinoffs primarily in the face of industrial conflicts, and that industrial relations in subcontracting firms have also consisted of precapitalist relations. This process is defined informalization. Part II is "Objects and Background". This part introduces Hitachi Administrative Division of Hitachi Ltd., which is one of research objects, and its subcontracting firms and their association. And this part analyses the formation of subcontracting relations in relation to industrial conflict of Hitachi Ltd. in 1950. As a result, the hypothesis of this research is approximately validated. Part III is "Realities and Changes". This part primarily examines recent subcontracting relations of Hitachi Administrative Division and their changes in relation to informalization by means of interviews. Part IV is "Subjects and Prospects". This part tries to formalize a typology of subcontracting relations in order to compare Hitachi with other cases. And the prospects of Hitachi district is examined.