Aids to Bangladesh and the Social Development : the central subject of acquiring Literacy

孟加拉国自1971年独立以来，外国以巨额资金进行了各种援助和开发，特别是在双边援助方面，孟加拉国一直是日本无偿援助的最大受援国。然而，目前孟加拉国有一半以上的人口处于绝对贫困状态，其中约80%的绝对贫困人口生活在农村地区。因此，由于这种贫困，存在着许多文盲，今天的识字率仍然很低。在本研究中，我们从解决贫困和文盲问题的角度出发，将农村发展、城市贫民窟和童工（特别是儿童家庭佣工）作为孟加拉国主要的社会发展问题，并考虑孟加拉国的支持系统。内容如下。首先，从日本的无偿援助对农村贫困人口的影响来看， ...更多信息 人民，我们调查了农村发展现状和贫困人口的生活条件，并报告了其结果。具体地说，我们讨论了日本的示范农村发展赠款援助项目，特别是通过该项目提供的技术合作和小学，并审议了这些业绩和成果。其次，我们从强制拆迁政策对城市贫民窟居民的影响角度出发，对大都市达卡的贫民窟居民的生活状况进行了调查和思考。第三，在当地非政府组织的合作下，我们调查和考虑了在大城市达卡，离开农村家庭到别人家做住家儿童家庭佣工的儿童的生活条件，以及他们的雇用关系涉及三个人，如雇主，监护人和担保人。一些当地的非政府组织积极为孟加拉国最贫困的儿童实施小学教育计划。一个特点是，对消除贫困和扫盲的支持主要由当地非政府组织承担，而政府在这方面的作用很小。但是，由于这两个国家都依赖于外国政府、非政府组织或国际组织等提供的援助，因此，援助的方式对它们的影响很大，要求日本的ODA增加对当地非政府组织的持续支持。同时，孟加拉国政府的政策和外部援助的方式应该优先考虑孟加拉国最贫困的人。少

In Bangladesh, since independent of 1971, the foreign countries have done various assistance and developments with an enormous sum of fund. Especially seeings as to bilateral aid, Bangladesh has been the top of the largest recipients of Japan's Grant Aid. Nevertheless, at present more than half of people in Bangladesh is in the condition of absolute poverty and about 80% of these absolute poor people live in rural areas. Therefore a lot of illiterate people exist because of this poverty and the literacy rate remains low today. This is nominated as one of the social problems in Bangladesh.In our study, from a viewpoint of our approach to the problems of poverty and illiteracy,we take up the rural development, the urban slum and Child Labor (especially Child Domestic Servants) as the mainly social development problems and consider the supporting system in Bangladesh. The contents are as follows. In the first place, from a viewpoint of the influence of Japan's grant aid on the rural poor … More people, we investigated the present situation of the rural development and the living condition of the poor and report its results. Concretely, we take up Japan' s Grant Aid for Model Rural Development Project, especially the technical cooperation and elementary schools provided through it, and consider those performance and results. In the next place, we investigated and cinsider the condition of slum dwellers' lives in metropolitan Dhaka from a point of viewing the influence of compulsory eviction policy on them. In the third place, getting the cooperation of local NGO, we investigated and consider the condition of children' s lives, leaving their household in rural areas and working in opther people' s household as live-in Child Domestic Servants in metropolitan Dhaka, and also the relation of their recruit concerned three persons such as an employer, a guardian and a guarantor.Some of the local NGOs actively practice primary education program for the poorest' s children in Bangladesh. It is a characteristic that the supports for eliminating poverty and acquiring literacy have been mainly undertaken by local NGOs, but the role of government has been small in doing. However, both of them have depended on Aids, which have been provided by the governments or NGOs of foreign countries or the international organization and so on. Therefore, the way of Aid has influenced greatly on them, Japan' s ODA has been asked for increased continuous supports to local NGOs. Also, the policy of Bangladesh government and the way of external aids continuous ought to give priority to the poorest people in Bangladsh. Less