School autonomie in the context of the history of pedagogic thought and the theory of school system.

在这项研究中，作者明确了这些观点。从教育学思想史研究的角度来看，近年来的“学校自治”政策是一种进步政策，它源于20世纪初的“新教育”传统。然而，从学校法的角度来看，对“学校自治”存在重大质疑，认为学校的自治可能导致国家责任的减少（das Land）。一些人批评说，各州教育法中的一些条款有可能违宪或违反司法判例。按照这些观点，人们不能毫无保留地欢迎德国的自治。从学校制度的角度来看，问题就变成了学校的多样性是否使创新“学校质量”变得容易，特别是中学。显然，学校提高质量最有效的方法是招收“好学生”。特别是在城市地区，中学的选择余地很大，只有一些“好”的学校可以招收“好”的学生，从而扩大了学校之间的差距。这导致了学校系统整体水平的下降。在这一点上，德国的学校自治也不是没有问题的。经过这些思考，作者得出结论，德国的“学校自治”政策提出了许多值得讨论的问题，尽管它在教育学思想的背景下很有趣。作者想进一步补充的是，目前他正在对黑森州“学校自治”政策下的校长名册进行访谈和问卷研究。

In this study the author made these points clear. From the viewpoint of historical study of pedagogic thougts the policy of "school autonomy" in recent years is explained as progressive one, which is derived from the tradition of "New Education" in the beginning of the 20th century. From the viewpoint of school law, however, there are significant doubts on the "school autonomy", that autonomization of school may lead to a reduction of responsibility of state (das Land). Some criticize, that it is possibel taht some articles in school laws of states are unconstitutional or against the judicial precedents. Following these opinions, man can not welcome the autonomization in Germany without reservation.From the viewpoint of the school system, the issue becomes if the variety of school profile make it easy especially for secondary schools to innovate the "quality of school". Obviously the most effestive way for a school to improve the quality is to recruit "good students". Especailly in city area, in which a large choice of secondary schools are provided, only some "good" schools may recruit "good" students, so that the differential in schools extends. That leads to a decline in the standard of school system as a whole. In this point also the autonomization of school in Germany is not the out of question.After these considerations the author came to the conclusion that the policy of "school autonomie" in Germany raises many questions to discuss, though it is interesting in the context of pedagogic thoughts.The author wants to add further that now he is concerned to the interview and the questionaire study to the schoolmasters in the State of Hessen about the roll of schoolmaster under the policy of "school autonomie".