A Study on Spiritual and Linguistic Culture Change of the Ethnic Groups in the Borderland between China and Russia-Tradtion and Its Change in Post-Socialist Period-

本研究旨在探讨中国与俄罗斯远东边境地区土著民族近30年来文化变迁的动态历史过程。我们研究了生活在中亚（前苏联）和中国的朝鲜族，以及生活在中国北部的通古斯人、鄂温克人、鄂罗赤人、赫哲人等民族的文化变迁问题。(1)我们认为，了解上述民族的真正激烈的文化、精神和语言状况是如何变化的，特别是自20世纪70年代以来，当市场和资本主义导向的经济制度被引入这些原社会主义和集体主义社会以来，对我们来说是非常重要的。此外，跨境交流活动也影响了他们的生活。(2)由于大量汉族人口在中国北方定居，这一地区发生了非常剧烈的社会变化，通古斯人的民族精神和语言文化在中国除了少数地区外几乎已经丧失。(3)中亚和中国的朝鲜族虽然可以保持自己的朝鲜语，但最近采用汉语、俄语和韩国语的词汇有所增加，以适应其内部或国际变化的语言环境。(4)以20世纪30年代和90年代出版的赫哲史诗为例，比较了不同历史时期民间文学资料的基本特征。

This study aims to invetigate dynamic historical process of recent culture change which had taken place during recent 30 years among the native ethnic groups living in the border areas between China and Russian Far East. We took up the problem of culture change among such ethnic groups as Koreans living in Central Asia (formerly Soviet Union) and China, and Tungus Peoples, for example, Evenks, Oroch ens and Hezhes living in northern part of China.(1) We think it is very important for us to understand how the real drastic cultural, spiritual, and linguistic situations have been changed among above mentioned ethnic groups, especially since 1970th, when market and capitalist oriented economic system was introduced into these formerly socialist and collectivist societies. Moreover cross border exchange activities have influenced their lives.(2) Because huge amounts of Han Chinese population had settled in the nortern part of China, very drastic social change have occured in this region, so that Tungus people's ethnic spiritual and linguistic cultures have almost been lost in China, except few regions.(3) Ethnic Koreans in Central Asia and China although could have maintained their own Korean language, but recently adopted Chinese, Russian and South Korean words have increased, in order to adjust them -selves to its internal or international changing linguistic environments.(4) We also tried to compare the basic characters of folk literature materials collected in different hisorical periods, for example Hezhe epic published in 1930s and 1990s.