A STUDY AND SURVEY ON UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY OF URBAN HOUSEHOLD IN CHINA

本课题研究了近年来中国市场经济转型和国有企业改革过程中出现的城市失业、贫困、收入差距等问题及其社会政治效应。对中国政府的政策建议将是我们研究的另一个目的。考虑到数据的不足，我们与国家统计局合作，在北京、辽宁、河南等6个省和沈阳、南京等13个城市进行了大样本调查，覆盖9,000户居民。通过对数据的分析，我们得到了一些新的重要结果。(1)1999年，包括国有企业下岗人员在内的城镇失业率达到14.89%。(2)13个城市中最高组和最低组之间的个人、家庭和工资水平的收入差异分别上升到2.6倍、2.5倍和2.6倍。调查城市基于真实的价格的变动系数为0.6。(3)按最低生活保障标准（p ...更多信息 全国城镇失业率为6.7%，失业家庭失业率为19.9%。(4)通过对失业和贫困原因的分析，发现失业人员的年龄结构主要集中在36-45岁之间，主要是中年人。大多数失业人员的文化程度低于中学毕业。他们的职业多为国有企业职工。(5)城市新移民是指从城市迁移到城市并在城市工作一年以上的职工群体，我们称之为“城市新居民”，其收入水平高于城市普通职工。他们的年龄在20-30岁之间，在城市经济发展和缩小家庭收入差距方面发挥着重要作用。(1)收入差距自1995年预览调查以来一直在恶化。(2)城镇失业率远高于官方指数3.1%。这意味着失业正在成为中国城市的一个严重问题。(3)城市贫困是一个以失业为主要表现形式的新问题，其严重性日益突出。我们认为，这些问题如果不能妥善解决，将会阻碍中国未来的经济发展，影响中国的政治稳定。将继续对数据进行分析，研究影响城镇失业、贫困和收入分配不平等的因素。我们的研究成果将发表在学术期刊上，并在2001年在牛津大学举行的国际研讨会上发表。在最终报告中，我们将对中国政府提出政策建议，并强调其对其他发展中国家的启示。少

This project studies the problems of urban unemployment, poverty, income disparity, and their social and political effects accompanying with the processes of market economy transformation and state owned enterprises reform in recent China. The policy suggestion to Chinese government will be another aim of our research. Considering the shortage of data, we have cooperated with State Statistical Bureau and made a large sample survey in six provinces like Beijing, Liaoning, Henan, and 13 cities like Shenyang, Nanjing, covered 9,000 households. We got some new and important results from analyzing the data. (1) Urban unemployment rate, including layoff of state enterprise, reached to a 14.89% in 1999. (2) The income differences of persons, household and salary level between highest group and lowest group among the 13 cities, rose to 2.6, 2.5, and 2.6 times. The variable coefficient of the survey cities based on real price, is 0.6. (3) According to the criterion of minimum living standard (p … More overty line), urban unemployment rate is 6.7% for all cities, 19.9% for unemployment household. (4) Searching for the reasons of unemployment and poverty, we fond that the age structure of un-employees are ranked 36-45, the middle aged persons. Most un-employees' education level is less than middle school graduate. And most of their occupations are state owned enterprise employee. (5) The income level of new urban migrants the employees group that has migrated from urban area and been working in city for one year longer, we called them "the new residents of city", is higher than that of ordinary urban employees. They aged at 20-30 years old and are plying very important role both in contributing to urban economic development and narrowing income disparity among households.We made a conclusion from the above analysis. (1) Income differences have been becoming worsening since 1995, the year of previews survey. (2) Urban unemployment rate is much higher than that of official index, 3.1%. This means unemployment is becoming a serious problem in urban China. (3) Urban poverty, a new problem caused mainly by unemployment, is becoming serious and serious. We believe that these problems will block the future economic development and influence political stability in China if Chinese government couldn't solve them properly.This is just a simple result of our research due to a roughly analysis of data. The data analysis will be continued and the factors that effecting urban unemployment, poverty and unequal income distribution will be studied. The result of our research will be published in academic journal and presented in international symposium hold in Oxford University 2001. Policy advises will be given to Chinese government and its enlightening to other developing countries will be stressed in our final report. Less