Chromatographic identification of lichen substances and chemotaxonomy of Japanese lichens

通过使用具有光电二极管阵列检测器的HPLC分析以下154种地衣物质以获得它们的保留时间（Rt）和UV光谱-缩酚酸（55）、1-缩酚酮（24）、缩酚酮（2）、芳香单环化合物（20）、蒽醌（10）、二苯并呋喃（8）、垫状酸衍生物（7）、色酮（5）、三萜类化合物（10）、氧杂蒽酮（7）、和高级脂肪酸（6）。高级脂肪酸和大多数三萜类化合物不能用紫外检测器检测，但可以用薄层色谱法检测和鉴定。通过与上述数据的比较，可以鉴定出许多未经分离的地衣物质。对138属513种地衣样品进行了地衣物质的色谱分析。大部分地衣样品以前用于出版物“日本地衣植物群”的插图，保存在服部植物实验室（NIGH）和高级研究员的私人收藏。并与上述地衣类物质的色谱数据进行了比较，获得了许多新的信息。在许多物种中检测到以前未检测到的特征物质。首次在绢毛网丝藻中检测到氨甲喋呤和氯氨甲喋呤。化学综合征（生物遗传相关物质）在许多物种中发现。用新建立的方法研究了几乎所有已知的日本地衣的次生代谢物质。本研究所获得的色谱数据不仅可用于地衣的分类学评价，而且可用于各种目的的化学研究。

The following 154 lichen substances are analysed to obtain their retention time (Rt) and UV spectra by using HPLC with photodiode array detector- depsides (55), I depsidones (24), depsones (2), aromatic monocyclic compounds (20), anthraquinones (10), dibenzofurans (8), pulvinic acid derivatives (7), chromones (5), triterpenoids (10), xanthones (7), and higher fatty acids (6). Higher fatty acids as well as most triterpenoids can not be detected by UV detector without few exceptions, but they can be detected and identified by TLC methods. Many lichen substances without previous isolation can be identified as comparison with the above obtained data. Lichen specimens (513 species of 138 genera) were chromatographically investigated to detect their lichen substances. Most lichen samples were previously used for the illustration of the publication "Lichen Flora of Japan", which preserved in the Hattori Boanical Laboratory (NIGH) and the private collection of the senior investigator. Chromatographic data were compared with those of the above standard lichen substances.Much new information was obtained. Characteristic substances were detected in many species, which were previously not detected. Atranorin and chloroatranorin were detected as first time in Bacidiohchens (Dictyonema sericeum). Chemo-syndromes (biogenetically related substances) are found in many species. Secondary metabolic I substances of nearly all known Japanese lichens were investigated by using newly I established methods. Chromatographic data obtained by the present investigation are useful not only for the evaluation as taxonomic characters of lichens, but also for the chemical investigation in various purposes.