Biomechanical Approach toward Rehabilitation

主要研究结果如下：（1）建立了一个模拟下肢软瘫患者步态的模型。(2)比较肌营养不良症患者与骨盆截骨术后患者的病理步态，在额状面上，两者的骨盆运动正好相反。这是由于髋关节外展肌功能不完全或完全丧失的不同所致。(3)提出了一种运动内力的估算方法。该方法是基于运动模型和测量的综合肌电和外力在运动过程中。尽管这种方法简单，但估算结果与国外的体内测量结果非常相似。(4)在使用表面电极的电刺激方法中，重要的是研究电极如何能够深度刺激骨骼肌。我们通过使用反映肌肉活动的MR成像的强度来确保如何。我们还开发了一种新的电刺激方法。(5)通过对上肢和下肢的长期实验，与其他训练方法进行比较，证实了新方法的优越性。(6)整个韧带的应变分布可以进行三维测量。(7)应用交互式步态矫形器改善偏瘫患者的步行特征。上躯干的回旋步态和旋转运动得到改善。(8)采用三维有限元方法研究了表面置换髋关节置换术中股骨假体的生物力学特性。最高的应力集中在同一地区的一个非创伤性股骨颈骨折的患者的颈部。

Main results are summarized as follows :(1) We developed a model that simulates gaits of patients with flaccid paralyzed legs, who usually require braces such as Walk-abouts and canes.(2) Comparing pathological gaits of patients with muscular dystrophy and after pelvic osteotomy, the pelvic motions of them in the frontal plane were just the opposite. It results from the difference of the incomplete or complete loss of function of the abductor muscle at their hip joints.(3) We developed an estimating method of inner forces during exercise. This method is based on exercise models and measurements of the integrated EMG and external forces during exercises. In spite of this simple method, the estimated results were very similar to the results by in vivo measurements abroad.(4) In the electrical stimulation method using surface electrodes, it is important to study how the electrode can stimulate skeletal muscles deeply. We ensured how by using the intensity of the MR imaging reflecting muscle activities. Also we tern developed a new electrical stimulation method.(5) Advantages of the new method were confirmed in a long-term experiment on upper and lower limbs in comparison with other training methods.(6) Strain distribution of entire ligament could be measured three-dimensionally.(7) Reciprocal gait orthosis was applied to improve characteristics of hemi-paralytic walking. The circumduction gait and the rotational movement of upper torso were improved.(8) The finite element method was performed using 3-dimensional models to examine the biomechanical characteristics of the femoral component in resurfacing hip arthroplasty. The highest stress concentration was observed in the same region of the neck of a patient with a nontraumatic femoral neck fracture.