Development of Diseased Joints Model for Analysis of Abnormal Walking and Evaluation Methods of Impact at Landing on the Ground

本研究涉及仿真模型，可用于调查各种步行条件，包括异常行走的发展。对于骨科和康复领域的负责人以及自主机车系统的设计者来说，这是一个具有挑战性的课题。在本研究中的模拟模型有一个关节在任何一条腿对应的一个患病的病人：该模型的关节不能产生一个时刻完全控制的运动连接机构，但可以传递一个力给他们。在相同的步行条件下，正常和异常的步行模拟之间的特性的差异进行了评估和讨论的补偿行动，在其余的健全的关节。病变关节位置越高，作用越大。研究了该动作的减少方法，以类似于正常行走的模式行走，在健全关节处具有允许的补偿动作。行动减少了一个缓慢的步行速度，一个较短的步长，和一个较宽的步宽：这些步行模式可以看到在病人，老人和婴儿的步行疼痛，肌肉薄弱，肌肉不发达，分别。仿真模型还对拐杖和短腿支具的助行功能进行了验证，结果与患者使用助行器行走的真实的情况吻合较好，行走或慢跑过程中强烈或反复的冲击力会损伤关节或导致关节退行性变，即关节病变。利用平面模型研究了飞机着陆时的冲击吸收机理。模型和实验结果包括尸体测试表明，弯曲的膝盖，踝关节，和软插入鞋有效地缓冲了冲击。

This research deals with the development of simulation models which can be used to investigate various walking conditions including abnormal walking. It is a challenging subject for those who are in charge of orthopedics and rehabilitation as well as designers of autonomous locomotive systems. The simulation model in this study has a joint in either leg corresponding to a diseased one of patients : the joint of the model cannot generate a moment fully to control the motion of the connected bodies but can transmit a force to them.Differences in characteristics between normal and abnormal walking simulated under the same walking conditions are evaluated and discussed as compensatory actions at the remaining sound joints. The actions became greater when the diseased joint of the model was located in a higher position. Reduction methods of the action were examined to walk in a pattern resembling with a normal walking with admissible compensatorv actions at the sound joints. The action was reduced by a slower walking velocity, a shorter step length, and a wider step width : these walking patterns could be seen in the walking of patients, old men, and infants who have pains, weak muscles, and undeveloped muscles, respectively. The functions of a cane and a short-leg brace as walking aids were also examined by the simulation model, and results showed a good agreement with the real situation of patients' walk using the aid.Strong or repetitive impact forces in walking or jogging may damage joints or lead to degenerative ones, that is, diseased joints. The mechanism of absorbing the impact at landing on the ground was examined by a planar model. The model and experimental results including cadaver tests showed that a flexed knee, an ankle joint, and a soft insert in shoes cushioned the impact effectively.