Historical Investigation on Technical Knowledge and Its Represention

本研究的主题是“技术知识及其表征”。在近两年的研究基础上，笔者主要做了以下两个方面的工作：一是对具体案例的调查，二是对近期相关研究的理论综述。作为个案研究，我考察了田原邦一对日本剑的冶金调查，以及他的合作者对其进行的多学科分析。我注意到传统的制剑技术是如何在传统的制剑书籍中表现出来的，以及现代科学是如何审视这种技术的。我特别注意用现代科学术语解释的定性概念“涅”和“涅”。其次，我调查了最近关于技术知识及其表现的学术出版物，并因此发表了一篇论文，名为《图片、数字、文字、行动：技术是如何表现和交流的》。技术知识包含了一种不能用文字或数字来表达的知识，但技术人员必须在学徒培训等特定情况下交流这种知识。我在这篇论文中调查了历史学家、社会学家和人类学家的最新著作。现场指示固然至关重要，但各种视觉表现形式--图片、素描、图形、模型等--在当代和历史的技术实践中也发挥了重要作用。

The theme of the present research is on "technical knowledge and its representation." Based on the two year research on the theme, I have primarily made the two following accomplishment: one is an investigation on a specific case, and the other is theoretical survey of recent researches on the topic. As a case study, I have examined the metallurgical investigation of Kuniichi TAWARA on the Japanese sword and multi-disciplinary analysis by his collaborators on it. I have paid an attention to such problems as how traditional technique of sword making was expressed in traditional books on the sword making, and how the technique was examined by modern science. I have paid particular attention to the qualitative concept "nie" and "nioi" were explained by the terms of modern science. Secondly, I have surveyed recent scholarly publications on technical knowledge and its representation, and consequently have published a paper, "picture, number, word, action: how techniques are represented and communicated." Technical knowledge contains the kind of knowledge which cannot be expressed by words or numbers, but technicians have to communicate such a knowledge in a certain situation like apprentice training. I have surveyed in this paper recent works by historians, sociologists, and anthropologists. In-situ indication is certainly crucial, but various visual representations - picture, sketch, graph, models, etc. - also played important roles in present and historical technical practice.