War and Peace in the Life of the People in Medieval Japan

本研究主要集中在中世纪日本（从12世纪到16世纪）的问题，但它也涉及到平安时代之前和之后的早期前现代时期的问题，因此涵盖了从9世纪到17世纪上半叶的长跨度。为了使我们的研究课题“战争与和平”得到更好的理解，战争与灾难是我们研究的主要对象。战争与饥荒等其他灾害的区别在于，前者是政治灾害，后者是自然灾害，但我们认为，在近代以前的日本，这两者是密切相关的。我们的首要目标是尽可能完整地收集平安时代到近代以前的战争和灾害资料。收集到的物品随后由我们的团队进行检查，并按时间顺序进行组织。并以此为基础编制了年表，同时还进行了其他一些小规模的调查， ...更多信息 ller项目举办了许多研讨会，以进一步发展我们的调查。一个是配合在平安时代的战争和灾难的时间表绘制在平安Ibun（平安档案）的来源。我们还完成了"自然灾害（干旱、洪水、风暴、虫害等）造成的损失"的时间顺序表，中世纪日本的饥荒和瘟疫"，这是我们的主要研究课题。这些研究结果与课题组的其他研究结果一起写入了课题报告。此外，我们还根据《日本史料》（第6号），编制了南北朝（世纪）这一动荡时期的战争年表。该表已接近完成，但由于篇幅有限，无法列入本报告。另一个正在进行中的项目试图通过研究前现代早期关原战役中禁令的内容和分布来分析普通民众参与战争的情况。少

This study primarily focuses on issues concerning medieval Japan (from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries), but it also deals with those of both the preceding Heian period and the following early pre-modern period, thus covering a long span from the ninth century to the first half of the seventeenth century. In order to throw light on our research subject "war and peace", wars and disasters are the main subjects investigated. War could be distinguished from other disasters such as famine by regarding the former as a political and the latter as a natural disaster, however, we believe that the two were intimately connected in pre-modern Japan.Our first aim was to make as complete a collection as possible of the materials on war and disasters from the Heian to the early pre-modem period. The collected items were next examined by our teams and organized in chronological order. A chronological table was then produced based on them.Besides this, we simultaneously conducted some other sma … More ller projects holding many workshops to develop our investigations further. One was to mate a chronological table of war and disasters in the Heian period drawing on the sources in Heian Ibun (Heian Archives). We also completed a chronological table of "loss caused by natural disasters (drought, flood, storms, harmful insects, etc.), famine and plagues in medieval Japan", which was our principal research subject. These findings were included in our research project report together with the other findings of the research team.In addition, we have been compiling a chronological table of war in the time of the Southern-Northern Dynasties (fourteenth century), an unsettled period, based on Dai Nihon Shiryo (Sources for Japanese History) (No. 6). This table is near completion but cannot be included in the report because of limited space. Another project which is also still under way attempts to analyze the common people's involvement in war by examining the content and the distribution of prohibitions in the battle of Sekigahara in the early pre-modern period. Less