Studies on the Environmental Chemistry for the Contamination and Toxic Effects of Bioaccumulative Endocrine Disrupters in Higher Wildlife

本研究旨在阐明生物累积性内分泌干扰物（如PCDDs）的污染和毒性影响（二恶英及其相关化合物）、多氯联苯（多氯联苯）、滴滴涕（滴滴涕及其代谢物）、氯化锂（氯化物）、六氯环己烷（六氯环己烷）、六氯苯（六氯苯）、有机锡（TBT、DBT和MET）和微量元素在亚洲发展中国家和发达国家的留鸟中均检测到了上述持久性有毒物质。在这种情况下，发达国家和前苏联国家的鸟类中用于工业目的的化学品（如多氯联苯、苯并三氮唑等）的污染程度相对较高，而有机氯杀虫剂主要存在于热带和亚热带地区发展中国家的动物中。 ...更多信息 它们的毒性影响甚至出现在北方主要是原始的、远离工业区的生殖地。关于多氯二苯并对二恶英在野生动物体内的污染状况，在海豹和鸬鹚等食鱼水生动物体内检测到了非常高的浓度，超过了报告的本地和圈养动物体内有害毒性影响的阈值水平。有毒元素如汞和镉在海洋高营养生物中的含量高于陆生动物，受物种特异性解毒作用的影响。这些金属的作用机制和亚细胞分布。有趣的是，在某些鲸目动物和鳍足类动物中清楚地观察到有机氯浓度与生物降解酶活性/类固醇激素之间的显著相关性，这表明这些污染物对酶的诱导和可能的激素抑制。此外，在海豹和鸬鹚中注意到高毒性PCDD同系物的优先肝脏积累，这意味着AhR对PCDD的毒性反应。淋巴细胞的实验研究表明，TBT和DBT可能对自由放养的海洋哺乳动物和人类的免疫功能构成严重威胁。考虑到本研究的所有结果，可以得出结论，生物累积性内分泌干扰物的毒性风险似乎在水生哺乳动物和鱼类中更高。释放鸟类比陆地动物。少

The present study aimed at elucidating the contamination and toxic impacts of bioaccumulative endocrine disrupters such as PCDDs (dioxins and its related compounds), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), DDTs (DDTs and its metabolites), CHLs (chlordane compounds), HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexans), HCB (hexachlorobenzene), organotins (TBT, DBT and MET) and trace elements (Hg,Cd,Pb,As etc) in higher trophic wildlife.All the above persistent toxic substances were detected at significant levels in resident birds collected from Asian developing and developed nations. In this context, the chemicals used for industrial purposes (such as PCBs, BTs etc) were relatively highly contaminated in birds from developed and former Soviet countries, while organochlorine insecticides were predominantly found in animals from developing nations in tropical and subtropical regions.In case of migratory birds from Asian regions, it could be suggested that they are exposed to inherent toxic pollutants in southern wint … More ering grounds, and their toxic effects emerge even in northern reproductive grounds which are principally pristine and far from industrial areas. Regarding the status of pollution by PCDDs in wildlife, very high concentrations were detected in fish-eating aquatic animals such as seals and cormorants, exceeding the threshold levels of adverse toxic effects reported in native and captive animals. The toxic elements such as Hg and Cd revealed higher levels in marine higher trophic organisms than terrestrial animals, effected by species-specific detoxification. mechanism and subcellar distribution of these metals. Interestingly, significant correlations between organochlorine concentrations and CYP enzyme activity/steroid hormones were clearly observed in some cetaceans and pinnipeds, suggesting enzyme induction and possible hormonal inhibition by these contaminants. Moreover preferential hepatic accumulation of hiher toxic PCDD congeners were noted in seals and cormorants, implying AhR related toxic responses to PCDDs. Experimental studies on lymphocytes revealed that TBT and DBT could pose a serious threat to the immune functions in free-ranging marine mammals and humans.Considering all results in this study, it can be concluded that the toxic risk of bioaccumulative endocrine disrupters seems to be higher in aquatic mammals and fish-easing birds than terrestrial animals. Less