COMPARATIVE BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE CONTAMINAITON AND TOXIC EFFECTS BY MAN-MADE CHEMICALS IN THE DEEP-SEA ECOSYSTEM

在日本骏河湾采集的深海和浅水生物中检测到有机氯（Ocs）和丁基锡（BTs）残留。在海洋生物中，多氯联苯的残留量在深海生物中最高，高达2800 ng/g脂质重量。深海生物中总bt浓度最高为980 ng/g湿质重量。鹤河湾的深海和浅水生物中Ocs的残留量低于东京湾等工业化地区，而bt的残留量与东京湾等工业化地区相当或更高。这些事实清楚地表明，bt污染在深海生态系统中的扩大。有趣的是，TBT（三丁基锡）作为bt的母体化合物在深海生物中占主导地位，这表明TBT是一种新的输入到深海环境中。为了阐明污染状况、积累模式和分布规律，还对北太平洋西部中上层嗜菌鱼体内的Ocs和BTs进行了检测。在Ocs中，多氯联苯和滴滴涕（DDT及其代谢物）的浓度水平在嗜菌体中最高（最高浓度分别为370 ng/g和310 ng/g fat wt）。氯丹化合物（CHLs）和六氯环己烷（HCHs）是第二丰富的氯化合物，六氯苯（HCB）含量最低。鱼类中总bt的最高浓度为46 ng/g wet wt。海洋中多氯联苯、氯化氯和bt的浓度低于日本沿海水域。Ocs和BTs的残留规律根据日粮中嗜菌体垂直迁移类型有一定的变化趋势。在生活在较深水域的非洄游物种中发现了相对高浓度的多氯联苯、DDTs和CHLs，而在洄游物种中发现了高浓度的HCHs、HCB和bt，这些物种在夜间迁徙到100米以上的水域觅食。这些模式可以影响亚北极和北太平洋西部过渡水域的Ocs和bt的垂直分布，这些水域可能有来自鄂霍次克海的水团入侵。这一假设可以由不同种类的孢子虫在DDT组成上的差异来支持；即p， p-滴滴涕在非洄游中游鱼类中的比例高于洄游鱼类。在嗜菌体中发现的Ocs残留水平和组成的时间变化表明，近年来DDTs输入海洋环境的量显著减少，而HCHs的下降速度较慢。少

Organochlorine (Ocs) and butyltin residues (BTs) were detected in deep-sea and shallow water organisms collected from Suruga Bay, Japan. Among Ocs, residue levels of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) were the highest in deep-sea organisms with upto 2800 ng/g lipid wt. Total BTs concentrations in deep-sea organisms were found with 980 ng/g wet wt at a maximum levels. Residue levels of Ocs in both deep-sea and shallow water organisms from Suruga Bay were lower than those in industrialized areas like Tokyo Bay, whereas residue levels of BTs were comparable or higher. These facts clearly indicate the expansion of BTs pollution in deep-sea ecosystems. Interestingly, TBT (tributyltin) as a parent compound of BTs was predominant in deep-sea organisms, suggesting ,a fresh input of TBT into the deep-sea environment.Ocs and BTs residues were also determined in mesopelagic myctophid fishes collected from the western north Pacific, in order to elucidate the contamination status, accumulation patter … More ns and distribution. Among Ocs, concentration levels of PCBs and DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) were the highest in myctophids (at maximum concentrations of 370 ng/g and 310 ng/g fat wt, respectively). CHLs (chlordane compounds) or HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexanes) were the next abundant Ocs and HCB (hexachlorobenzene) was the lowest. The maximum concentration of total BTs in fish was found with 46 ng/g wet wt. Concentrations of PCBs, CHLs and BTs were lower in oceanic myctophids than those in Japanese coastal waters. The residue pattern of Ocs and BTs showed a specific trend according to diet vertical migration types of myctophids. Relatively high concentrations of PCBs, DDTs and CHLs were found in non-migratory species living in deeper waters, whereas concentrations of HCHs, HCB and BTs were high in migratory species, which migrate upto the upper 100 m at night for feeding. These patterns can influence the vertical distributions of Ocs and BTs in the subarctic and transitional waters of the western North Pacific, where intrusion of water-mass from the Okhotsk Sea has been suggested. This hypothesis can be supported by the differences in DDT composition among myctophids ; I.e. Higher proportions of p, p-DDT in non-migratory mesopelagic fish than in migrants. Temporal variation in the residue level and composition of Ocs found in myctophids indicated a significant recent decrease in the input of DDTs into the marine environment while HCHs decline at a slower rate. Less