COMPARATIVE BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE CONTAMINAITON AND TOXIC EFFECTS BY MAN-MADE CHEMICALS IN THE DEEP-SEA ECOSYSTEM

从日本Suruga湾采集的深海和浅水生物中检测到有机氯(OCS)和丁基锡(BTS)残留量。在有机氯化合物中，深海生物的多氯联苯残留量最高，达到2800 ng/g脂肪重量。深海生物的总BTS浓度最高为980 ng/g湿重量。Suruga湾深海和浅水生物中OCS的残留水平低于东京湾等工业化地区，而BTS的残留水平与之相当或更高。这些事实清楚地表明，BTS污染在深海生态系统中不断扩大。有趣的是，三丁基锡(TBT)作为三丁基锡(TBT)的母体化合物在深海生物中占主导地位，表明TBT是新的输入到深海环境中。还测定了西北太平洋中上层真菌类鱼类的OCS和BTS残留量，以阐明其污染状况、积累模式…更多的N和分布。在有机氯农药中，多氯联苯和滴滴涕(DDT及其代谢物)的浓度水平在真菌纲中最高(最高浓度分别为370 ng/g和310 ng/g脂肪重量)。其次是氯丹类化合物和六氯环己烷，六氯苯含量最低。鱼类体内总BTS的最高浓度为46 ng/g湿重，海洋真菌类中PCbs、Chls和BTS的浓度低于日本近海。OCS和BTS的残留模式随食食垂直迁移类型的不同而呈现出特定的趋势。生活在较深水域的非迁徙物种的多氯联苯、滴滴涕和氯仿的浓度较高，而迁徙物种的六氯环己烷、六氯苯和苯系物的浓度较高，它们在夜间迁移到100米以上的高度取食。这些模式可以影响北太平洋西部亚北极和过渡性水域OCS和BTS的垂直分布，这些水域可能有来自鄂霍次克海的水团入侵。这一假说可以被真菌类之间的DDT组成的差异所支持；即非迁徙的中上层鱼类的p，p-DDT比例高于迁徙的中上层鱼类。在真毛虫中发现的有机氯农药残留量和组成的时间变化表明，最近向海洋环境输入的滴滴涕显着减少，而六六六的下降速度较慢。较少

Organochlorine (Ocs) and butyltin residues (BTs) were detected in deep-sea and shallow water organisms collected from Suruga Bay, Japan. Among Ocs, residue levels of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) were the highest in deep-sea organisms with upto 2800 ng/g lipid wt. Total BTs concentrations in deep-sea organisms were found with 980 ng/g wet wt at a maximum levels. Residue levels of Ocs in both deep-sea and shallow water organisms from Suruga Bay were lower than those in industrialized areas like Tokyo Bay, whereas residue levels of BTs were comparable or higher. These facts clearly indicate the expansion of BTs pollution in deep-sea ecosystems. Interestingly, TBT (tributyltin) as a parent compound of BTs was predominant in deep-sea organisms, suggesting ,a fresh input of TBT into the deep-sea environment.Ocs and BTs residues were also determined in mesopelagic myctophid fishes collected from the western north Pacific, in order to elucidate the contamination status, accumulation patter … More ns and distribution. Among Ocs, concentration levels of PCBs and DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) were the highest in myctophids (at maximum concentrations of 370 ng/g and 310 ng/g fat wt, respectively). CHLs (chlordane compounds) or HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexanes) were the next abundant Ocs and HCB (hexachlorobenzene) was the lowest. The maximum concentration of total BTs in fish was found with 46 ng/g wet wt. Concentrations of PCBs, CHLs and BTs were lower in oceanic myctophids than those in Japanese coastal waters. The residue pattern of Ocs and BTs showed a specific trend according to diet vertical migration types of myctophids. Relatively high concentrations of PCBs, DDTs and CHLs were found in non-migratory species living in deeper waters, whereas concentrations of HCHs, HCB and BTs were high in migratory species, which migrate upto the upper 100 m at night for feeding. These patterns can influence the vertical distributions of Ocs and BTs in the subarctic and transitional waters of the western North Pacific, where intrusion of water-mass from the Okhotsk Sea has been suggested. This hypothesis can be supported by the differences in DDT composition among myctophids ; I.e. Higher proportions of p, p-DDT in non-migratory mesopelagic fish than in migrants. Temporal variation in the residue level and composition of Ocs found in myctophids indicated a significant recent decrease in the input of DDTs into the marine environment while HCHs decline at a slower rate. Less