DATABASE FOR GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF PADDY RICE VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN JAPAN IN THE 20TH CENTURY

由于水稻是日本的主要粮食作物，全国各地长期积累了大量品种生长和产量特性的数据。本研究的目的是建立这些数据的数据库，为21^世纪全球气候变化下的栽培方法和育种开发提供依据<st>。收集了20世纪在日本各地广泛栽培的587个品种的芽形态、物候特征、对病虫害和环境胁迫的耐受性以及产量及其构成因素的数据<th>，这些数据是基于在国家或每个县的品种登记时的官方公告。这些数据被统一到同一个单位的描述，如重量，长度和土壤面积，这是不同的地区或随时间而变化。最后，利用北海道大学的主页（http：//www.agr.hokudai.ac.jp/botagr/sakumotsu/）上制作的软件，建立了收集了一万多个数据的数据库。对于日本在20^世纪广泛和长期种植的主要品种<th>，项目调查人员在项目期间还在大学农场调查了生理和生态特性，如叶面积指数、光合速率、灌浆速率和持续时间、籽粒产量及其组成部分，以及这些性状对氮肥水平的反应。这些数据将在不久的将来并入目前的数据库。

Since rice is a main staple crop in Japan, a lot of data for growth and yield characteristics of varieties has been accumulated for a long time throughout the country. The purpose of the present study is to build up the database for those data in order to make use of the exploitation for cultivation method and breeding under global climate change in the 21^<st> century. The data for shoot morphology, phenological characters, tolerance for disease and pests, and for environmental stress, and yield and its components in totally 587 varieties, which have been widely cultivated throughout Japan in the 20^<th> century, were gathered based on their officially announcement at the time of variety registration in nation or in each prefecture. These data were unified to the same description of unit, such as weight, length and soil area, which were different between regions or changed with times. Finally, the database gathering these data of more than 10 thousands was built up using software being made by on homepage site (http://www.agr.hokudai.ac.jp/botagr/sakumotsu/) in Hokkaido University. For the main varieties cultivated widely and long time in the 20^<th> century in Japan, the physiological and ecological characteristics, such as leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, rate and duration of grain filling, grain yield and its components, and the response of these characters to nitrogen fertilizer levels were additionally investigated during the Project periods at the university farms by the project investigators. These data will be combined into the present database in the near future.