Regional Ethnographic Study on Globalization Process and Nation Building in East Africa

这项研究为东非当前的社会文化变化提供了人类学视角。我们从民族志的角度研究了(1)现代政治多元化中新兴文化特性的历史背景和意识形态结构；(2)全球化在当地社区的性质、进程和影响；(3)当地适应社会经济发展的紧迫压力的潜力。研究结果的一部分总结如下：1.在乌干达，虽然官方法律仅承认传统领导为文化机构，但在国家的政治和其他领域，文化领导人的作用正变得更加重要和有争议。卡库马难民营代表着一个多国城市社区，那里收容了许多在苏丹内战中幸存的难民。然而，难民对支离破碎的民族认同的意识日益增强。在当地贸易中心观察到的区域经济全球化进程不仅促进了当地的商业活动，而且在基普西人之间不可避免地引起了国家和习惯法之间的冲突。米拉是伊根贝的一种传统作物，其商业化已逐渐改变(不一定废除)传统的土地保有制和劳动组织制度。传统的性别观念在市场经济的渗透过程中遭到破坏，一些文化制度，如“寡妇继承”和“女性割礼”，在一定程度上被罗族、库里亚和古西族社会的妇女修改和改造。

This study provides anthropological perspectives on the current socio-cultural change in East Africa. We have examined ethnographically (1) the historical contexts and ideological construction of emerging cultural identity in modern political pluralism; (2) the nature, process and impact of globalization in local communities; (3) the potential of local adaptations to the exigent pressure for socio-economic development. A part pf the research findings is summarized as follows:1. In Uganda, while official laws recognize traditional leadership merely as cultural institution, the role of cultural leaders is becoming more significant and controversial in the political and other spheres of the state.2. Kakuma refugee camp, where numbers of refugees surviving Sudan Civil War are accommodated, represents a multinational urban community. However, there is a growing consciousness of fragmented ethnic identities among the refugees.3. The globalization process of regional economy observed at local trade centre not only promotes local business activities, but also invites the inevitable conflict between state and customary laws among the Kipsigis.4. Commercialization of miraa, a traditional crop of the Igembe, has gradually transformed (not necessarily abolished) the traditional system of land tenure and labour organization.5. Traditional gender ideology is undermined in the course of the penetration of market economy; some of cultural institutions such as 'widow inheritance' and 'female circumcision' are partly modified and transformed by women in Luo, Kuria and Gusii societies.With those findings, this project attempts a theoretical and practical contribution to the various fields of knowledge about contemporary Africa.